Resumen

MENDEZ GALVIS, ÉDGAR ALBERTO; MARQUEZ ARABIA, JORGE JAIME  y  CASTRO CASTRO, CARLOS ADOLFO. Strength training in the development of power in soccer players of the inferior divisions of Deportivo Independiente Medellín (DIM), in Colombia. Iatreia [online]. 2007, vol.20, n.2, pp.127-143. ISSN 0121-0793.

Theoretically, high levels of strength correlate with improvement in manifestations of immediate muscular power, which is a decisive variable of performance in modern soccer. Purpose: to determine in soccer players if strength training at a high percentage (85%) of 1-RM, looking for increase in maximum strength, is more effective in improving immediate muscular power than a similar training but at 75% of 1-RM. Methodology: 60 soccer players belonging to the inferior divisions of DIM were randomly assigned to either one of two groups of 30 players each, and performed the following strength training protocols: the experimental group carried out an individual bilateral force training for knee extensors and flexors that consisted of 3 series of 5 repetitions each, at 85% of 1-RM, with 5 minutes of rest between series, twice a week during 12 weeks. The control group trained the same muscular groups, 3 series of 8 repetitions each, at 75% of 1-RM, also with 5 minutes of rest between series, twice a week during 12 weeks. At the onset, and at 6 and 12 weeks measurements were made of maximum strength (1-RM) of knee extensors and flexors and of immediate muscular power: speed in 20 m, Squat Jump and Countermovement Jump. Results: although the 60 players completed the training, data were analyzed for only 29 in the experimental group and 27 in the control one; of the remaining 4 participants, 2 left the team and 2 suffered injuries unrelated with the training. No significant differences were found between the two groups, in any of the variables, in any of the 3 measurements. Most of the variables -strength of the right knee extensors, strength of the left knee extensors, strength of the right knee flexors, strength of the left knee flexors, Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump - had statistically significant increases (p < 0.05) in each group both at 6 weeks and between weeks 6 and 12, the only exception being the speed in 20 m that presented significant increase only at six weeks. For both groups, the r Pearson´s correlation between maximum strength of right knee extensors, SJ and CMJ ranged from moderate to high and were statistically significant (p < 0.05) at the beginning of the study as well as at 6 and 12 weeks of the maximum strength training; correlation with the speed in 20 m was found only at the beginning of the work. Conclusions: maximum strength training at intensities of 75 and 85% of 1-M produces significant improvement in immediate muscular power.

Palabras clave : INMEDIATE MUSCULAR POWER; PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERS; STRENGTH TRAINING IN SOCCER PLAYERS.

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