Abstract

MARIN M, Daniel S; CARMONA V, Hans; IBARRA Q, Melissa  and  GAMEZ C, Manuela. Parkinson disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander. Salud [online]. 2018, vol.50, n.1, pp.79-92. ISSN 0121-0807.  https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v50n1-2018008.

Parkinson’s disease is the second cause of progressive chronic neurodegenerative disease, it has a high prevalence and incidence, generates a high impact on the quality of life of patients and significant costs due to its healthcare. Parkinson’s disease is developed due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substance nigra pars compacta, which is manifested in the appearance of motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity and postural instability; as well as non-motor symptoms such as gastrointestinal, sleep, autonomic, cognitive alterations, among others, reflecting the impairment of different non-dopaminergic pathways. The diagnosis is based on its most frequent clinical manifestations and the exclusion of other causes of parkinsonism. The pharmacological treatment seeks to control motor and non-motor symptoms, which are worsened by the natural history of the disease or are accompanied by side effects induced by pharmacotherapy, making necessary other approaches such as deep brain stimulation.

Keywords : Parkinson disease; movement disorders; tremor; levodopa; deep brain stimulation.

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