Introduction:

The public health surveillance information allows the detection of unusual patterns in the data in order that public health responses are timely and contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality of the child population.

Objectives:

To describe a monitoring model designed for the identification of unusual behaviors and conglomerates of congenital defects, as well as the increase in the frequency of the event in comparison with the number of cases reported historically.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective descriptive study that includes the analysis of the cases notified to the Public Health National Surveillance System (SIVIGILA) during the last three years, grouped and compared with the prevalences according to what was reported by the ECLAM. The distribution of Poisson probabilities was used identifying those territorial entities where significant differences were observed between what was expected and what was observed with a value of significance < 0.05 (p < 0.05).

Results:

Superior prevalences were identified in holoprosencephaly, microcephaly, polydactyly, defects due to reduction of the lower limb and coarctation of the aorta. Unusual behaviors of congenital defects of the central nervous system are concentrated in anencephaly, spina bifida, hydrocephalus, microcephaly. Conclusions: The conditions of each municipality and / or department and the behavior of congenital defects in some areas could indicate that women in pregnancy are susceptible to greater risks areas, and that this risk could be the result of various health inequities generated by social, environmental, and behavioral interactions.