Abstract

PIRONI, Tiziana. Maria Montessori’s Contribution to the Renewal of Early Childhood Pedagogy in the First two Decades of the 20th Century in Italy. Pedagogía y Saberes [online]. 2023, n.58, pp.23-34.  Epub Jan 01, 2023. ISSN 0121-2494.  https://doi.org/10.17227/pys.num58-17208.

The article carries out a historical-educational analysis that is part of the national research project Maria Montessori from past to present. Reception and implementation of her educational method in Italy on the 150th anniversary of her birth, aimed at reconstructing the figure and work of the Italian scholar, starting with the establishment of the first Children’s Home in 1907. In particular, this essay takes I count a good number of studies that have appeared in recent times on Maria Montessori, as well as the analysis conducted on her works in order to reflect on the innovative scope of her scientific path. From medical studies to action and research in the pedagogical field, the itinerary undertaken by Maria Montessori, at the end of the nineteenth century, until her death in 1952, presents a precise thread: her commitment combines the principle of female emancipation with the broader one of human emancipation, placing childhood at the center of a project to make humanity better. The article takes into consideration a precise period in the history of Italian school and education, the period of the so-called Giolitti Age, to grasp the relationships of Maria Montessori with the pedagogical personalities of her time, highlighting the obstacles she encountered in the create a pedagogy that would educate the child to freedom through freedom. The experimentation of his project had in fact little diffusion in Italy, above all, as emerges from the article, due to the difficulties encountered in forming a new model of teacher.

Keywords : observation; experimental education; learning difficulties; teaching materials; aesthetics; pedagogy.

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