Abstract

NIETO-VERA, Mónica T.; RODRIGUEZ-PULIDO, José A.  and  GONGORA-ORJUELA, Agustín. What do we know about sex steroids and gonadotropins regarding Neotropical teleost reproduction?. Orinoquia [online]. 2020, vol.24, n.1, pp.52-63. ISSN 0121-3709.  https://doi.org/10.22579/20112629.601.

This review summarises research over the last 10 years regarding sex steroids (17β-estradiol, testosterone, 11 ketotestosterone and 17α, 20β-DHP), gonadotropins (Fsh and Lh), their main regulators (GnRH1-3 and GnIH1-3) and their functions in modulating reproduction. It focuses specifically on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in model and Neotropical teleosts (Astyanax altiparanae, Steindachneridion parahybae, Salminus hillarii and Centropomus undecimalis). Their regulatory role continues to be a subject of discussion since it varies, depending on multiple characteristics such as the reproductive strategies of the species in question and/or the conditions in which these were maintained during the study period. It has been described that Fsh acts during the early stages of reproduction by stimulating the biosynthesis of estradiol and testosterone which are necessary for gametogenesis, whilst Lh is involved in the reproductive cycle’s final stages (final gamete maturation and spawning). However, Lh occurs throughout the cycle, in parallel with Fsh, in species having asynchronous development and multiple spawning, suggesting the need for both hormones during gametogenesis and final maturation. Recent research regarding species having reproductive migratory behaviour has highlighted a significant decrease in Lh β subunit (LHβ) mRNA expression when individuals are kept in captivity; this may have led to reproductive dysfunction in current culture systems, considered today as being the greatest problem facing contemporary aquaculture. Unfortunately, studying such topics related to South American species is still in its early stages so research must be focused on clarifying native species’ neuroendocrine control of reproduction, especially when these species are kept in captivity.

Keywords : Gonadotropin; sex steroid; gonadal maturation; fish reproduction.

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