Objective

To compare the quality of life of patients undergoing autologous versus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Materials and method

Analytical longitudinal study conducted with two retrospective data measurements. A total of 188 medical records of patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were reviewed. A data collection form was completed, which inquired about sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, and scores on the EORTC QLQ-C30 quality of life scale.

Results

The average age of the patients was 53 years. Of the total, 53.2% were male, and the majority (96.3%) had a hematological disease. Patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) reported an improved perception of their global health status, with a mean score of 81.1 ± 16.2. In contrast, patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT experienced a decrease in their global health status, reporting a mean score of 16.8 ± 17.9 at 6 months post-HSCT, indicating a worsening of their overall health.

Conclusions

The assessment of quality of life in patients who have received autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation reveals significant physical and emotional challenges in both groups. Patients undergoing allogeneic transplants face greater complications due to the risks of rejection and the effects of immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, it is essential to implement a comprehensive approach that combines multidisciplinary care with psychological and social support to optimize their long-term well-being.

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