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Revista Med

Print version ISSN 0121-5256On-line version ISSN 1909-7700

Abstract

GALVIS, CLARA ESPERANZA; MARINO, ANA CRISTINA; MONROY, JENNIFER  and  POSSO, HÉCTOR. THE IMPACT OF AN ANTIBIOTIC RESTRICTION POLICY IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AT THE HOSPITAL MILITAR CENTRAL. rev.fac.med [online]. 2008, vol.16, n.1, pp.19-24. ISSN 0121-5256.

Considering that the indiscriminate use of wide spectrum antibiotics has favour the appearance of bacterial resistance to multiple drugs, a quasi-experiemental intervention study was performed between January 2002 and January 2006, in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Hospital Militar Central in Bogotá (HMC), in which the use of cephalosporins of 3th generation was restricted and changed for antibiotics non associated with the induction of beta-lactamases of extended spectrum (ESBLs), by the use of piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime. A comparison was done before and after the restriction policy was applied in nosocomial infections produced by gram-negative bacteria. It was found that 24, 5% out of 2880 patients were diagnose with infections and among them, 30,7% were nosocomial infection. 49% of isolated germs were Gram-negative bacteria from which 51% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 28% of Escherichia coli, 14% of Acinetobacter baumannii and 7% of Serratia isolates produced ESBLs. In 70% of the ESBLs cases, cephalosporins of 3er generation were used. After restriction of cephalosporins of 3 th generation an important decreased in the number of beta-lactamic resistance isolates were observed (from 20% during the first period to less than 4 % during the second), which means that the risk of ESBLs production decreased five times, with a ratio of prevalence of 4,91 (IC 95%: 1,14-21,09) and a p value of 0,031 with respect to the previous period. It can be conclude that the adoption of a restriction policy in the use of antibiotics had a significant reductor effect on the incidence of ESBLs in NICU of our Hospital, which implies a reduction of costs as the use of carbapenems was also reduced.

Keywords : Drug resistance multiple bacterial; cross infection; beta-lactam resistance.

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