Objective:

The increase in number of caesarean sections is associated with maternal morbidity and mortality. The Robson model, used to identify groups with higher contributions at cesarean rates, was applied in a tertiary hospital to characterize groups of patients with highest percentage of cesarean section, describe obstetric causes and maternal and fetal outcomes.

Materials and methods:

Descriptive historical cohort study conducted in a highly complex hospital. Of 2053 pregnant women, 667 were included (32.4%) from January-December 2014, with complete data in the clinical history. They were excluded when there was no information to fill out the data collection format. A descriptive analysis was carried out using the SPSS 20-Excel 2010 programs. The Robson model was used to calculate the size and proportion of each group at the general cesarean rate and causes of cesarean, maternal and neonatal outcomes were described. The study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee.

Results:

The Robson groups that contributed the most were 5 and 10, with proportions over the total cesarean sections of 25.5% and 11.2%, respectively. Prior cesarean section and commitment to fetal well-being were the main causes. 99 patients presented complications related to cesarean section, puerperal infection was more frequent (6.9%). 173 newborns required a neonatal unit, with respiratory distress as the main complication (44%)

Conclusions:

The descriptive analysis and the Robson model allowed to group the patients in groups 2, 5 and 10, besides they showed maternal and fetal complications consistent with published studies. This contributes to regional and national statistics.

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