Resumo

SANTA, Judith-Rocío; SERRANO, Martín  e  STASHENKO, Elena. ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE EXTRACCIÓN DE HIDROCARBUROS PRESENTES EN AGUAS RESIDUALES INDUSTRIALES. C.T.F Cienc. Tecnol. Futuro [online]. 2002, vol.2, n.3, pp. 49-60. ISSN 0122-5383.

A comparison among four extraction techniques such as: liquid - liquid (LLE) continuous and for lots, solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME) and static headspace (S-HS) was carried out. The main purpose of this research was to determine the highest recovery efficiencies and how reproducible the tests are while varying parameters such as time, extraction technique, type of solvents and others. Chromatographic parameters were optimized in order to carry out the analyses. Hydrocarbon's quantification of residual waters was achieved by using a high-resolution gas chromatography with a gas flame ionization detector (HRGC-FID). Validation of the method was carried out by analyzing real samples taken in different sampling places of the residual waters treatment plant of Ecopetrol - Barrancabermeja. The use of extraction methods that require big solvent quantities and long time for analysis are losing validity day by day. Techniques such as the HS-SPME and static HS, are offered as alternatives for quantifying hydrocarbons. They show total lack of solvents, high sensibility, selectivity and the techniques are reproducible. Solid phase microextration (SPME) and static headspace (static HS) techniques were chosen as the extraction techniques to validate the method in real samples. Both techniques showed similar results for the determination of total hydrocarbons (in the gasoline range).

Palavras-chave : Headspace; wastewater; hydrocarbons; chromatography; freon.