Abstract

RUELAS VARGAS, David. The Utawilaya Rural School and the Adventists in the Puna highlands 1898 - 1920: a forerunner of the Peruvian and Latin American indigenous rural education. Rev.hist.educ.latinoam. [online]. 2017, vol.19, n.29, pp.67-87. ISSN 0122-7238.  https://doi.org/10.19053/01227238.5923.

The research on the development of the "Utawilaya Rural School and the Adventists in the Puna highlands 1898 - 1920", located in the province of Puno in southern Peru, presents the educator Manuel Zúñiga Camacho as an important actor, since he was the founder of the Indigenous Rural School. He considered education as the only way of salvation from exclusion, exploitation and poverty. Adventists supported Zúñiga to carry out the project of the rural school for indigenous people in terms of financing, formalization and expansion of the educational throughout the Puna highlands. The objective of this research was oriented to know the origin, contribution, and influence of the Utawilaya Rural School and the Adventists role in the Puna highlands during 1898 - 1920. The research method is qualitative and it holds a historical design. The methodology starts with the comparison of primary sources and is based on historical documents. It is concluded that Manuel Zúñiga Camacho was a forerunner of rural education for indigenous people in Peru and Latin America. The Utawilaya school focuses, mainly, on raising awareness and interpretation, on critical understanding and the transforming action of its community. The influence of the Utawilaya rural school and the Adventists favored the emergence of indigenous movements and rebellions. An awakened awareness motivated the confrontation of the Indian with the most conservative sectors of the Puno society; the gamonal, political authorities, and religion for their right to land and education.

Keywords : education; educator; rural school; teaching; exclusion; gamonal indigenous; rural..

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