Resumo

OSORNO-BEDOYA, Laura  e  OSORIO-VEJA, Nelson Walter. Evaluation of factors that affect bioacidulation rock phosphate under in vitro conditions. Rev. colomb. biotecnol [online]. 2017, vol.19, n.1, pp.55-62. ISSN 0123-3475.  https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v19n1.65968.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant development, unfortunately, its availability in many soils is low. Consequently, farmers apply high quantities of soluble P fertilizers, but this is an inefficient and costly practice. The direct use of rock phosphate (RP) is a highly attractive option because its low cost, but this material has low solubility and low agronomic efficiency. In order to overcome this limitation, there is a growing interest in the use of soil microorganisms capable of dissolving RP and improving its value as a P fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some factors on the effectiveness of the fungus Mortierella sp. to dissolve RP under in vitro conditions. These factors included: (i) incubation time, (ii) type of RP, (iii) initial concentration of soluble P, and (iv) addition of vitamins and micronutrients. After the incubation period, P and pH were measured in solution. The results indicated that as a consequence of the biodissolution of RP, the highest concentration of soluble P in the medium was reached on the day 5th. The biodissolution of RP was reduced by the addition of vitamins and micronutrients and by the increase in the initial concentration of soluble P. Although microbial dissolution was more effective with North Carolina RP, RPs from Huila and Santander showed a good level of dissolution in a short period of time. Bioacidulation will improve the agronomic effectiveness of RP for its direct use or through a previous biotechnological process.

Palavras-chave : Solubilization; phosphorus; phosphate solubilizing microorganism.

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