Abstract

VEGA, Amparo. Perspectives of Aesthetics and Politics in J. F. Lyotard. rev.estud.soc. [online]. 2010, n.35, pp.26-40. ISSN 0123-885X.

The central perspectives and concepts of the aesthetics and politics of the philosophy of Jean-Françoise Lyotard are presented in this text. The emergence from the war leads Lyotard, starting with his first texts in 1948, to question politics, ask for a critical philosophy (Phenomenology, 1954), and a later distance himself from philosophy during the years in which he became a militant with the Marxist group which published the magazine Socialism or Barbarism, with which he remains until 1966. Why Philosophyze (1964) captures the aforementioned experience and defines the orientation and research themes of later investigations of critical philosophy from which aesthetics, politics, and the concepts that relate these two areas are given thought. A first critical perspective of aesthetics focuses on the relationship between desire and arts, and between desire and the critical discourse, starting with Discourse, figure (1971) and ending with Libidinal Economy (1974). This study ends with a Nietzsche-like aesthetic and politic described as paths adrift with the strongest of libidinal intensities. The evaluation of these practices in libidinal economy and the devices of capitalism, in particular, lead Lyotard to change his perspective. From pragmatic analyses of the games of language in discourses, knowledge and tales, as well as the practices and institutions of advanced societies, The Postmodern Condition (1982-1985) integrates the aesthetic manner of reflexive judgement (Kant) to the proposal of a postmodern "critical knowledge". The Enthusiasm (1986) proposes a analogy of aesthetic and critical judgment applied to the political. Due to the multiplication of languages and their heterogeneity, unsolvable conflicts arise which are analyzed by Lyotard, mostly under the concept of diferend (The Difference, 1983), the sublime in The Postmodern Explained to Children, and The Inhuman. In covering these issues, this text defines steps and analogous elements between critique, aesthetics, and politics.

Keywords : Jea-Francois Lyotard; Aesthetics; Politics; Critical Pjilosophy; Desire -Derive; Intensities- Libidinal Economy; Sublime Differend.

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