Resumen

MONTUFAR ANDRADE, Franco E et al. Biohazard occupational exposure in Antioquia, Colombia; January 2010 to December 2011 . Infect. [online]. 2014, vol.18, n.3, pp.79-85. ISSN 0123-9392.

Background: Occupational biohazard exposure can increase the risk of postexposure seroconversion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) and B virus (HBV). In Latin America, the literature lack of studies on this topic. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of occupational biohazard exposure. Methodology: A descriptive, longitudinal study. Results: A total of 231 episodes of biological risk exposure are described. The median age was 30 years, and 65.8% were women. The major occupational activities were: nursing assistants 22.9%, hospital cleaning 16.5%, students 14.3%, garbage collection 5.2% and physicians 4.8%. The mechanisms of the accidents were: needle stick 77%, cutting wound 11.3% and contact with mucous membranes 9.1%. In 24% the source was known and of these, 62.5% were positive for HIV 3.5% for HBV and 5.3% for HCV. A total of 75.8% of the 231 received postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). In those exposed to an HIV-positive source, 85.1% received a two-drug conjugate for PPE, and 14.8% received triple therapy. Of those who received prophylaxis, 40% reported adverse events with being the most frequent the gastrointestinal (77.1%) and neurological (45.7%). At admission, 67.1% had protective antibodies to HBV. During program monitoring, HIV seroconversion was confirmed in one patient. Conclusion: The risk of acquiring occupational infections postexposure is a reality in our country. This emphasizes the importance of exposure prevention strategies, introjecting the reporting culture and proper management of postexposure prophylaxis.

Palabras clave : Post-exposure prophylaxis; Occupational risks; Human immunodeficiency virus infections.

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