Abstract

MURILLO ZAMORA, Carlos. Transnational Organized Crime as Policy without Insurgency: The Experience of Central America. Desafíos [online]. 2016, vol.28, n.2, pp.177-211. ISSN 0124-4035.  https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.Org/10.12804/desafios28.2.2016.05.

The international system has undergone profound changes. Many of those changes have visible non-state actors; which in the past were limited by the territorial control and flow control exercised by governments. In addition, in the case of Central America 's political-military conflicts of the 1970s and 1980s the invisibility of those actors was increased. These changes created new spaces for action that were controlled by the government. On the other hand, the virtual development favored communication and increased media presence of non-state actors. This enabled different groups to have more influence on social, economic and political dynamics, affecting the security issue. Two key factors are added: an increase in violence and a loss of legitimacy and credibility of the authorities. Hence, increasingly areas where governance is weakened and even disappeared; which is then exploited by transnational organized crime groups. The development of these groups in Central America has allowed them to begin to assume social roles and even be legitimized in some communities and social sectors. That is why it is "a non-political insurgency."

Keywords : Organized crime; Central America; violence; insurgency.

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