Abstract

MEDINA SIERRA, Marisol; OROZCO PATINO, Francisco Hernando  and  MARQUEZ FERNANDEZ, María Elena. DIVERSITY OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN A CHRONO-SEQUENCE OF ALLUVIAL AND DEGRADED SOILS DUE TO MINING PROCESSES IN BAJO CAUCA ANTIOQUEÑO, COLOMBIA. Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín [online]. 2009, vol.62, n.1, pp.4749-4759. ISSN 0304-2847.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) presence and diversity were evaluated in undisturbed and disturbed soils form alluvial mining processes. The soils belong to the Tropic Fluvaquent, Typic Dystropept, and Typic Paleudult sub-groups which corresponded to Low, Middle and High terraces, respectively, of the Cauca river at Taraza town. AMF propagules were multiplied in Leonard jars under glasshouse conditions using sterile substrate, modified Hoagland's solution and different fractions of soil used as sources of inoculum, which corresponded to the size of the spores. A first assay was made in maize (Zea mays) which allowed mycorrhizal colonization in roots but not spore production. In a second assay, in kudzú (Pueraria phaseoloides) AMF spores and colonized roots were obtained with the treatments corresponding to propagules obtained from high terrace and disturbed soil. These treatments presented a significant effect on kudzu yield (P≤0,001) respect to the other treatments. The AMF spores of undisturbed and disturbed soils showed low infective capacity. Nevertheless, propagules of AMF were multiplied in trap cultures, which produced spores of four morphotypes. One of these was identified as G. microagregatum. The polymorphism obtained by RAPD's made possible the differentiation of these morphotypes with the primer OPA2. Similitude above 38% was achieved using UPGMA system. The results indicated that four morphotypes belong to the genus Glomus, but they possibly belong to different species. Our results are promissory in the differentiation of native strains of AMF with low number of spores collected from soil samples in rehabilitation processes, which normally is unknown.

Keywords : AMF; Pueraria phaseoloides; Zea mays; PCR; degraded soils.

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