Abstract

BARBOSA, Samuel David; VILLEGAS SALAZAR, Felipe  and  BELTRAN, Jonathan. The Medical Model as a Disability Generator. rev.latinoam.bioet. [online]. 2019, vol.19, n.2, pp.111-122. ISSN 1657-4702.  https://doi.org/10.18359/rlbi.4303.

Disability has had different conceptualizations, which have included religious, scientific, medical and social contributions. The medical model is fundamental for appropriate prevention and rehabilitation. The goal of this paper is to show the relationship of the disability medical model and the biomedical approach as generators of disability and to propose a theoretical approach to new models and perspectives that allow for an ethical-ontological approach. This is an expository article presented in two stages: in the first one a literature review on disability was carried out. In the second one, the results of the discussion are presented amongst the authors to compare and identify arguments and counterarguments of the traditional models, with regards to the forms of analysis with a view from bioethics. One of the main conclusions of this analysis is that the medical model has made fundamental contributions to the conceptualization of disability; however, the positivistic monocausal approach ends up favoring medicalization, disability and it demands more resources. Disability is a subject in evolution where the individual deficiencies and the personal and environmental barriers interact, therefore it is necessary to overcome the medical paradigm and to strengthen the biopsychosocial.

Keywords : disability; medicalization; quaternary prevention; bioethics.

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