Abstract

MURILLO-MENDEZ, CRISTIAN-JAHIR,; MOLINA-VELASCO, DANIEL-RICARDO,; LOPEZ-GIRALDO, LUIS-JAVIER,  and  SALAZAR-BELENO, ANA-MILENA,. Evaluation of cadmium bioaccessibility in chocolate formulations by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Rev.Bio.Agro [online]. 2022, vol.20, n.1, pp.68-83.  Epub Dec 30, 2021. ISSN 1692-3561.  https://doi.org/10.18684/bsaa.v20.n1.2022.1746.

To study the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) present in chocolate products, it is necessary to know its total concentration and determine the amount of Cd that is bioaccessible in the human body. This work focused on evaluating the Cd bioaccessibility in chocolate formulations with concentrations of different components by gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. This digestion was carried out through an automatic titrator with temperature control and pH control and monitoring using dilute acid and alkaline solutions. Bioaccessibility differences were correlated with the main components (cocoa, milk, sugar, and total Cd content in cocoa) and, finally, a chocolate formulation was proposed that had the lowest Cd bioaccessibility value. The results were expressed using a mathematical model, with predictions of 94 % and model validation errors less than 9 %. Cd bioaccessibility values in the chocolate formulations were obtained between 7 and 32 %, approximately, where the lowest values corresponded to dark chocolate formulations (cocoa:sugar ratio 7:2). It was concluded that the cocoa and sugar content in the formulation decrease the Cd bioaccessibility values, while the milk content and the total Cd concentration in cocoa increase the bioaccessibility values.

Keywords : Cocoa; Fat; Milk; Gastric digestion; Pancreatic digestion; Mathematical model; Response surface; Minimum value.

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