Resumen

GONZALEZ GIL, Édgar Javier  y  CASTILLO M., Juan Alberto. Psychosocial Aspects in the Work Analysis: Approach to an Explanatory Model. Rev. Cienc. Salud [online]. 2014, vol.12, suppl.1, pp.55-67. ISSN 1692-7273.

Introduction: In the evidence provided by the scientific literature, it is found that the psychosocial aspects can be grouped around six axes. These are: the intensity of the work and the working time, the emotional requirements, insuficient autonomy, the poor quality of social relations in the workplace, conflict of values and the insecurity of the situation of work. These elements were integrated in this study in a perspective of comprehensive evaluation of the work. Materials and methods: The study was developed in small, medium and large businesses in four economic sectors. A sample of 259 workers for the evaluation and analysis of the psychosocial aspects was formed. They use the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, Copsoq). Comparing scores is performed using a transformation straight score (counting points earned for each item) to a typical score, which was made based on means and standard deviations. Results: In all sectors appear present: the job security associated with flexible working conditions. The timing control work related to weekly hours (between 60 and 80 hours per week). Somatic symptoms of stress, is the factor with the highest level. The lack of ownership and lack of consistency of the role of the employee in their work context appear as the most problematic, this is indeed associated with the lack of autonomy. Conclusions: In organizations of the sectors studied the main problem is associated with the definition of what is a psychosocial risk, this is due to confusion between the determinants of the phenomenon and its effects, so it is dificult to distinguish the causes and consequences. Therefore the use of a map analysis is recommended in order to understand how the set of elements is balanced and is understood as out of bounds of acceptability in each organization. The map can be used as a means of explaining the different work events associated with psychosocial aspects, and also to identify some barriers in the development of a program of sustainable prevention of this type of risk.

Palabras clave : psychosocial risk; prevention; ergonomics analysis; cognition.

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