Resumo

PEREZ ROBLES, Samia Leisa; SILVA MELO, Ivette Catherine; PENUELA MESA, Gustavo Antonio  e  CARDONA GALLO, Santiago Alonso. EVALUATION OF BIOFUELS AND PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS (GASOLINE AND DIESEL) IN SOIL: TRANSPORTATION AND BIOREMEDIATION PROCESSES. Rev.EIA.Esc.Ing.Antioq [online]. 2015, n.spe2, pp.21-46. ISSN 1794-1237.

Due to the great increase in soil and ground water contamination as a result of dumping fuels from inverse drilling mud and cuttings, spills from pipelines or corroded storage tanks, semisolid oil waste dumps, sites contaminated by petrochemical discharge and refineries, pipes bursting, fraudulent activities, and other occurrences, studies have been developed to more efficiently perform decontamination. Bioremediation is one of the most widely applied technologies for decontaminating soil affected by hydrocarbons. The current concern is the effects the additives and biofuels will have on gasoline and diesel, respectively, since they can minimize vehicular emissions in the atmosphere and help contamination to be evidenced more quickly due to the increase in co-solvency of hydrocarbons in ground water and a greater dynamic in the soil. In addition, the inhibitions cause a decrease in the degradation of gasoline and diesel. The object of this study is the increase in the contamination plume in a shorter period of time due to these compounds and their effects on gasoline and diesel biodegradation. This study aims to obtain the dynamic behavior and biodegradation of some main soil contaminants. Two tests were performed: 1) Soil with a mix of gasoline - ethanol. The effect this additive has on the transportation and degradation of gasoline in the soil (40,000 ppm initial concentration) was observed. 2) Soil with a mixture of diesel - biodiesel. Similarly, the effect of biodiesel on the transportation and degradation of diesel (40,000 ppm initial concentration) was observed. The mixtures were purchased in a gas station. The two tests were performed simultaneously. The study obtained information about the contaminant regarding how long it would take to reach an aquifer and whether it is necessary to remedy the situation immediately. An old contamination decreases the speed of degradation by microorganisms due to chemical oxidation reactions that incorporate the contaminant into the organic matter, slow diffusion within the small pores and adsorption in the walls of pores, and the formation of submerged films around the liquids in non-aqueous phase with a high resistance to mass transfer in aquifers and suspension reactors.

Palavras-chave : Biofuels; Gasoline; Diesel; Bioremediation; Transport Processes; Ethanol; Risk.

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