Abstract

GIL GARZON, Martiza Andrea; ALZATE TAMAYO, Luz María; SANCHEZ-CAMARGO, Andrea del Pilar  and  MILLAN CARDONA, Leónidas de Jesús. Spray drying: An alternative to conserve bioactive and aromatic compounds from garlic extract (Allium sativum L.). Rev. Lasallista Investig. [online]. 2011, vol.8, n.2, pp.40-52. ISSN 1794-4449.

Introduction. Spray-dryer microencapsulation is one of the most important techniques in the most recent decade to preserve the active principles of natural compounds that are used as food additives. Garlic oleoresin has been one of the most used additives in meat industries, but it requires a conservation method to preserve the stability of its bioactive and aromatic compounds, and Spray-dryer microencapsulation is one of the best options for such preservation. Objective. To evaluate the best encapsulants mixture to elongate the conservation of the bioactive and aromatic compounds of garlic oleoresin incorporated in a sausage product, but they must also have a better sensory acceptance. Methodology. The encapsulants used were: Modified starch, acacia gum resin and a commercial mixture of gums in a 3:1 relation (oleoresin as an encapsulant) at 180°C, 600L/h and 30 mL/min. A mixture design was used to find the best relation of encapsulants and the response variables were the lowest percentage of bioactive compounds loss, determined by GC-MS, and the best response of the descriptors in the sensory analysis. The size of the microcapsules was made through SEM. Results. The optimal mixture of encapsulants, according to the response surface (quadratic), was that between 0% and 10.38% for the mixture of gums, Tecnazul and the values within 79,62% and 90% for the modified starch, for the 20 and 0 days, respectively, and in absence of acacia gum resin because it has the best conservation of diallyl disulfide, di-2-propenyl trisulfide, di-2-propenyl tetrasulfide and the descriptors (garlic favor, characteristic aroma, meat favor, objectionable favor and color) in the sausage are similar to the most used reference standard in the market. The microcapsules had sizes between 10µ y 35µ. Conclusion. A mixture of modified starch and the mixture of gums had better characteristics in the final product, allowing widening the use of other encapsulants for the garlic extract, different from the acacia gum resin, which is expensive and difficult to get.

Keywords : Allium sativum L; garlic extract; spraydryer; microencapsulation; SEM; GC-MS; diallyl disulfide; di-2-propenyl trisulfide; di-2-propenyl tetrasulfide.

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