Abstract

ARRAZOLA, GUILLERMO; GRANE, NURIA  and  DICENTA, FEDERICO. Importance of cyanogenic glycosides in the flavor of almond fruits (Prunus dulcis Miller) and their impact on agribusiness. rev.colomb.cienc.hortic. [online]. 2014, vol.8, n.1, pp.57-66. ISSN 2011-2173.

During the conditioning process of kernels for consumption or as raw material for the preparation of derivatives, bitter almonds are present, which create problems when they are not required because the degradation of prunasin and amygdalin into benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide influences the taste and aroma of almonds destined for industrial use. The research objective was to classify 29 varieties of almonds based on amygdalin concentration into three previously established subgroups (sweet, slightly sour and bitter) for possible use in agribusiness. Only two groups of kernels, bitter and non-bitter, were distinguished by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), with an average content between 2,400 and 5,900 mg of amygdalin/100 g of sample for bitter types. For the non-bitter group, such as 'Primorskii', 'Ramillete' and 'Bonita', amygdalin was not detected, but others had values of 20 mg amygdalin/100 g. Some non-bitter varieties presented (2008) values in the first year that were slightly lower than in the second year (2009), for example Achaak, Carretas, and Ferraduel (10.22 to 11.25 mg of amygdalin/100 g). This study allowed for the classification of the varieties into bitter and non-bitter, which will improve and reduce the problems of taste in the industry (nougat, marzipan liquor) where non-bitter almonds are used.

Keywords : amygdalin; bitterness; almond cultivars; nougat industry.

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