Introduction:

Acute appendicitis is a cause of intra-abdominal infection in pediatrics. The choice of antibiotic is based on the macroscopic surgical findings, the medical criteria, the local guidelines and the result of the bacterial isolation in the peritoneal fluid and the local resistance rate. We aim to analyze the frequency and microbiological susceptibility in cultures performed in peritoneal fluid samples in patients from 1 month to 16 years with surgical management of acute abdomen with suspected intra-abdominal infection.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective cohort study with analysis of clinical histories and laboratories in children taken to surgery for acute abdomen where the surgeon took a sample of peritoneal fluid for typing and determine susceptibility profiles of isolated microorganisms. Data analyzed with Stata V.15.0.

Results:

We identified 303 cases of which 93.6% received antibiotic prophylaxis with ampicillin/sulbactam and clindamycin-amikacin. 95.3% of the procedures were appendectomies. Cultivation was taken in 50% of perforated appendicitis. Isolate 48 microorganisms, the most frequent Escherichia coli BLEE (+) (2.7%). The 100% of the microorganisms were susceptible to amikacin, meropenem (97.2%), ciprofloxacin, cefepime and ceftazidime (94.4%). The highest resistance was presented with ampicillin/sulbactam (37.1%) for Gram-negative organisms.

Conclusions:

To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility in peritoneal fluid isolations in surgical procedures in pediatrics is a good clinical practice that is oriented in the surgeon in the adequate selection of an antibiotic scheme, the risk of early therapeutic failure and the possibility of greater resistance or complications infectious.

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