Introduction.

Medical education in surgery is undergoing transformation as a result of the incorporation of pedagogical strategies in its teaching-assistance processes. However, there is a limitation of the professors to respond to the current educational needs of a specialization program in surgery. Studies on the subject have identified points of intervention in teaching skills, with a new conception of a professor of surgery.

Methods.

The expected attributes in a high-quality professor of surgery were analyzed from a critical point of view and from the resident’s perspective.

Discussion.

The roles of a professor of surgery were characterized, in accordance with the usual clinical and surgical activity, their qualities, and expected impact as a generator of a change in technical and non-technical skills of a medical professional in specialization. Likewise, a theoretical approach to the teaching-learning process of surgery was carried out, as well as the construction of its teaching identity, and the pedagogical scope of a professor of surgery today.

Conclusions.

The profile of the general surgeon has changed and professors of surgery must rise to this challenge. The new educational models favor a positive impact on postgraduate courses and on the resident’s perception of their training process. However, a reconfiguration of the teacher is necessary, within a context of the exercise of surgery and its social responsibility. The academic programs are required to promote teacher development in order to raise the level of the future surgeon.

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