Introduction.

The spectrum of presentation of gastrointestinal bleeding has changed over time, and although the incidence of massive gastrointestinal bleeding (MGIB) has decreased, it continues to be a relevant entity as it has a high mortality rate and requires greater therapeutic effort required to control. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of patients with (MGIB) and the factors associated with its occurrence.

Methods.

Retrospective analytical cohort study (2012-2022) in patients with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding confirmed by endoscopy. (MGIB) was defined as the need for transfusion of 2 or more units of red blood cells. Demographic factors, comorbidities and hemodynamic status were assessed. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with (MGIB).

Results.

A total of 259 patients were included, of which 23.9% presented (MGIB). Mortality in patients with (MGIB) was 30.6%. The multivariate analysis showed that a Glasgow, score of < 13 (aOR 2.85; 95% CI 1.17-6.94), a shock index > 0.9 (aOR:2.19; 95% CI 1.07-4.54) and a history of complicated diabetes (aOR: 3.36; 95% CI 1.15-9.74) were the factors associated with (MGIB).

Conclusions.

Altered consciousness, increased shock index and a history of complicated diabetes in the initial presentation of gastrointestinal bleeding should alert to the possibility of (MGIB). The need for transfusion, angioembolization, endoscopic procedures, or surgery should be considered early when treating patients with (MGIB).

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