Introduction:

Tubo-ovarian abscesses are rare in postmenopausal women. They have been associated with benign gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, uterine polyp or leiomyoma, and malignant diseases such as endometrial adenocarcinoma, epithelial and non-epithelial malignant ovarian tumors, squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and adenocarcinoma of the colon. Their presentation represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians.

Case report:

A 72-year-old female patient was admitted with a 3-day history of abdominal pain and distension, fever, irritative urinary symptoms and urinary retention. Lab tests on admission showed elevated white blood cells and neutrophils count, and CA-1 25 at 222 U/mL. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid retrouterine cystic mass of 15 cm. Suspecting tumor versus tubo-ovarian abscess, a tomography-directed biopsy was performed, finding foul-smelling purulent material. An exploratory laparotomy was performed with intraoperative findings of solid-cystic retrouterine pelvic mass with purulent content, adhesions, and inflammatory involvement of the uterine tubes. Pathology reported ovarian fibroma and tubo-ovarian abscess. The patient evolved satisfactorily in the postoperative period and in the subsequent follow-up appointments.

Conclusions:

The reported case illustrates how a possibility of ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis can actually be a benign condition (tubo-ovarian abscess) that responds well to medical-surgical treatment. Diagnostic imaging and tumor markers are helpful in differentiating a malignant ovarian disease from a benign process.

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