Introduction:

Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition caused by an elevated release of T3 and T4. Its incidence is 0.20/100 000 inhabitants, with reported mortality rates of up to 30%. Due to its refractory nature, few therapeutic options are available, but plasma exchange is considered a potentially useful strategy for its treatment.

Case presentation:

A 17-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care institution due to the onset of symptoms approximately 25 days before consultation, consisting of palpitations, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, chest and abdominal pain, asthenia, adynamia, dizziness, headache, and liquid stools. In addition, the patient had a history of hyperthyroidism treated on an outpatient basis. Thyroid storm was diagnosed considering the symptoms and a score of 65 on the Burch-Wartofsky scale. As a result, the patient was admitted to the hospital, and pharmacological management was initiated, although no improvement was achieved. On the third day of hospitalization, her condition deteriorated and she had a seizure, which led to consider a refractory thyroid storm. This condition was satisfactorily treated with plasma exchange as a bridge therapy prior to emergency thyroidectomy.

Conclusion:

Plasma exchange therapy allows a rapid removal of thyroid hormones. Although its implementation is not widely disseminated in clinical practice guidelines, there is evidence of a decrease in the risk of perioperative complications and a successful evolution after its use as a bridge therapy before performing thyroidectomy in patients with refractory thyroid storm.

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