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Colombian Journal of Anestesiology

versão impressa ISSN 0120-3347

Rev. colomb. anestesiol. vol.44 no.3 Bogotá jul./set. 2016

 

Questions and Answers*

Preguntas y respuestas

Fernando Raffán-Sanabriaa,b

a Anesthesiologist, Intensivist, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital, Bogotá D. C., Colombia
b Professor, Bosque University and Los Andes University, Bogotá D. C, Colombia

* Please cite this article as: Raffán-Sanabria F. Preguntas y respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2016;44:263-264. 2256-2087/


1. The paper by Bolanos-Arboleda D, Fonseca-Ruiz N, Socha-Garcia N, et al., when comparing the use of etilefrine versus phenylephrine, reported the following findings:

  1. A higher pH value in the umbilical artery of pregnant patients receiving etilefrine
  2. Longer hypotension times with etilefrine
  3. Higher, statistically significant incidence of nausea and vomiting in the group receiving phenylephrine
  4. There was no significant Apgar score difference in the newborn babies at five minutes

2. With regards to postoperative delirium, the following are not true:

  1. It is an independent factor associated with an increased postoperative mortality
  2. It usually develops between the first and the third postoperative day
  3. The overall incidence among patients over 65 years of age ranges from 1 to 5%
  4. The use of perioperative steroids has been considered a risk factor

3. With regards to the postoperative cognitive function, the following statements are true:

  1. It is a complication that occurs during the first seven days and up to three months after surgery
  2. No correlation with postoperative mortality has been identified
  3. Avoiding BIS values below 30 for over 20 minutes is considered to reduce the incidence of complications
  4. A highly significant difference was identified in Bryson's meta-analysis between the use of regional versus general anesthesia, in favor of the former

4. Which of the following strategies for prophylactic platelet transfusion in pediatric patients has the best evidence for recommendation?

  1. Over 50,000 platelets for bronchoalveolar lavage
  2. Over 50,000 platelets for transjugular liver biopsy
  3. Over 100,000 platelets in major surgery of leukemia patients
  4. Over 50,000 platelets for placing a central venous catheter

5. Which of the following clinical manifestations is not part of Horner's syndrome?

  1. Anhydrosis
  2. Lid ptosis
  3. Miosis
  4. Nistagmus

6. The pathophysiology of fragility is associated with all of the following, except for:

  1. Decrease of interleukin 6
  2. Excessive oxidative stress
  3. Deregulation of the immune systems
  4. Increased C-reactive protein

7. With regards to microcirculation, which of the following statements is false?

  1. Represents over 90% of the endothelium
  2. It is made up of small vessels, usually less than 300 microns in diameter
  3. It is made up of arterial capillaries and venules that regulate the blood flow distribution to each organ
  4. Under hypoperfusion condition, microcirculation may further deteriorate with mechanical ventilation

8. Which of the following microcirculation monitoring approaches enable the identification of early disruptions?

  1. The presence of mottled skin when resuscitation is longer than three hours
  2. Capillary filling longer than 15 s
  3. Central temperature - foot temperature delta measurement of more than 7 degrees
  4. Laser Doppler flowmetry

9. In terms of the effects that anesthetic agents may have over the microcirculation, the following are true:

  1. Thiopental and Ketamine promote vasodilatation by inhibiting the type L calcium channels
  2. Etomidate promotes vasodilatation by inhibiting the calcium channels and increasing interleukin 10
  3. Propofol inhibits the potassium channels and reduces the hepatosplacnic blood flow
  4. Propofol reduces nitric oxide and increases the capillary density by 30%

10. With regards to transfusion therapy in pediatrics, all of the following are considered good practice, except for:

  1. Patients should be transfused with red blood cells at all times with ABO and Rh-D compatible groups
  2. Children undergoing transfusion therapy shall be immunized against hepatitis B
  3. The red blood cells transfusion infusion rate shall not exceed 5 ml/kg/h
  4. Patients undergoing chemotherapy shall maintain hemoglobin levels ranging between 10 and 12 g%

Answers

1) d
2) c
3) a
4) b
5) d
6) a
7) b
8) c
9) a
10) d

Reference

Raffán F. Preguntas y respuestas. Rev Colomb Anestesiol. 2016;44: 1-185.         [ Links ]

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