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1. With regards to the phantom eye syndrome, is it true that 1
Up to 30 % of patients may experience phantom phenomena.
The etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms are clearly defined.
The occurrence of the syndrome is strongly associated with head ache and eye pain prior to surgery.
Several studies have shown that the association of gabapentin, ketamine and hydromorphone significantly reduce pain in the long term.
2. Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare congenital hemorrhagic disorder, resulting from a mutation of the genes encoding for platelet glycoproteins α-IIb (ITGA2B; 607759) and β3 (ITGB3; 173470). Which of the following statements is true? 2
It is a rare, hereditary, autosomal dominant disorder.
It is usually associated with thrombin time disorders and abnormally low platelet count.
The prophylactic use of platelets has been recommended, only if accompanied by thrombocytopenia.
Some cases have been described with the preoperative use of tranexamic acid and platelet transfusion.
3. Acuphagia is the inadequate practice of ingesting one of the following substances or elements 3.
4. Which of the following structures transmits the sensitive stimuli from the upper mucosa of the vocal folds, the posterior mucosa on the epiglottis, the arytenoid folds and the base of the tongue? 4
Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN).
External branch of the SLN.
Internal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN).
External branch of the RLN.
5. In patients with a hip fracture, the time elapsed from diagnosis to treatment significantly impacts survival. What is estimate of increased mortality per every two days of additional waiting time between the diagnosis and orthopedic treatment? 5
6. Jadad scale is a tool used to assess the validity of scientific studies such as 6
Case-control analytical studies.
Cohort analytical observational studies.
Randomized clinical experiments.
a and c are true.
7. In which of the following types of shock, delta Δp(v-a)C02 NO fails to reflect reliable cardiac output variations? 7
8. With regards to the results of the systematic literature review on the effectiveness and safety of the perioperative multimodal program in colorectal surgery, published by Chacón Acevedo et al. in 2021, is it true that: 8:
Morbidity decreased by 70 %.
No differences have been reported in favor of the program in terms of postoperative mortality.
he hospital stay was 4 days shorter in average (p < 0,05).
The certainty from the body of evidence is very high.
9. The Osorio-Gutiérrez et al. analytical, observational study on the use of subarachnoid opioids in cesarean section in three groups of patients showed that the use of hydromorphone, morphine and fentanyl: 9:
The bupivacaine-morphine-fentanyl (BMF) group showed a statistically significant higher incidence of pruritus and hypotension than the other two groups.
The bupivacaine-hydromorphone-fentanyl (BHF) group showed statistically significant longer motor block times as compared to the other groups.
The bupivacaine-hydromorphone (BH) group showed a statistically significant higher frequency of respiratory depression than the other two groups.
Hydromorphone has the advantage of being a drug authorized - according to its package insert - for intrathecal use and apparently provides better pain postoperative control than morphine and fentanyl after 3, 6 and 12 hours.
10. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the world estimated early postoperative mortality rate was around 10:
