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1. According to Professor Alejandro Jadad in his article "Toward the 'next normal': An opportunity to unlearn and reflect about life, death, and our mental health during the pandemic," 1 Which of the following feelings is perhaps the most important source of unhappiness at the end of life?
2. In the paper on "Mortality from anti-personnel mines before and during the Colombian peace process" by Manzano-Núñez et al., 2 the authors suggest that:
There is an association between the peace negotiation period and a lower probability of mortality among the victims of landmines.
Mortality was significantly higher during the peace negotiation period.
Paradoxically, the peace negotiation period was associated with a higher probability of dying from injuries caused by landmines.
There was no statistically significant difference in mortality among landmine victims before and during the Colombian peace process.
3. In the work by Tolosa Pérez et al. 3 in a pediatric population, Which of the following previous history was associated with the highest incidence of major respiratory complications?
4. A 26-year-old patient presents 24 hours after cesarean delivery performed under spinal anesthesia with #25 needle complaining of persistent positional headache, 7/10 on the visual analog scale, with no focalization. Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) secondary to spinal anesthesia is considered and treatment is initiated with acetaminophen 500 mg every 6 hours, caffeine 65 mg every 6 hours, rest and no walking. With this management approach, the headache intensity diminishes to 3/10 on the VAS, without neurological signs. However, 18 hours later, the patient reports non-positional headache, VAS 9/10, right ptosis and nausea. What would be the management approach according to the algorithm proposed by Caicedo Salazar et al? 4
Cortisone administration.
Imaging studies and neurology consult.
Sphenopalatine nerve block.
Blood patch.
5. Of the following interventions for PDPH, which has the best evidence according to the paper by Caicedo Salazar et al? 4
Increase fluid intake or intravenous fluids, which may increase the production of cerebrospinal fluid.
Recommend rest in supine decubitus.
Administer hydrocortisone.
Administer caffeine.
6. Regarding pheochromocytoma, all of the following are true, except for: 5
It may be functional or non-functional.
It is considered to be the neoplasm with the highest genetic burden.
It is of benign nature.
It has been described as associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).
7. Between 30 to 40% of patients with pheochromocytoma present with the classic triad consisting of: 5
Headache, diaphoresis and palpitations.
Nausea, diaphoresis, hyperthermia.
Headache, anxiety, diarrhea.
Headache, diaphoresis, polyuria.
8. Of the medications listed below, which is associated with the lowest odds of giving rise to significant blood pressure elevation in a patient with pheochromocytoma?5
9. Systemic sclerosis is an immune disorder characterized by tissue fibrosis and multiple organ dysfunction. In severe forms of the disease, the heart's conduction system is affected. Which of the following arrhythmias observed in these patients is associated with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia? 6
Atrial fibrillation.
Second-degree AV block.
Bradyarrhythmia QT prolongation.
Complete left bundle branch block.
10. From the pharmacological perspective, which of the following characteristics confer a maternal-fetal safety profile to hydromorphone when given through the neuroaxial route?7
