NOTE:

PRESENCIA DE DIAPHANOSOMA SPINULOSUM HERBST, 1975 (CRUSTACEA: CLADOCERA: CTENOPODA, SIDIDAE) EN UN SISTEMA COSTERO DEL NORTE DE COLOMBIA, CON COMENTARIOS SOBRE D. BIRGEI KORÍNEK, 1981

Juan M. Fuentes-Reinés

Universidad del Magdalena, Grupo de Investigación en Limnología Neotropical. AA 731, Santa Marta, Colombia. juanmanuelfuentesreines@yahoo.com.

RESUMEN

Diaphanosoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975 está ampliamente distribuida en la región neotropical con registros en Colombia en los departamentos de Amazonas, Córdoba y Santander. El presente manuscrito reporta, por primera vez, la ocurrencia de D. spinulosum en el departamento de La Guajira. Este espécimen fue encontrado en la laguna Navío Quebrado, Camarones, La Guajira, Colombia. Diaphanosoma spinulosum superficialmente se asemeja a su congénere D. birgei y ambas pueden ser fácilmente confundidas. Se discuten las diferencias morfológicas entre ellas.

PALABRAS CLAVES: Cladocera, Diaphanosoma, laguna Navío Quebrado, Colombia.

The genus Diaphanosoma has a wide distribution in the world, except in the Antarctic and New Zealand (Korovchinsky, 1992). It comprises 34 valid species and two subspecies (Kotov et al., 2013). Species of genus Diaphanosoma are characterized by being limnetic (Elías-Gutiérrez et al., 2008); nevertheless some species of the genus have been found in vegetation zones (Korovchisnky, 1992; Fuentes et al., 2012).

The study of composition and distribution of genus Diaphanosoma in Colombia is still very incomplete. The first record of the genus Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850 (Cladocera: Sididae) from the country was made by Barón-Rodríguez et al. (2006), who reported three species. Since then, the main contributions to study of this genus in Colombia have been made by Gallo-Sánchez et al. (2009), who recorded one species, Villabona- González et al. (2011), who reported four species and one morphotype, Aranguren-Riaño et al. (2011), who added six species, and Fuentes et al. (2012), who reported one species. The aim of this paper is to present a brief description of D. spinulosum from Colombia and discuss some morphological differences with respect to its congener D. birgei. Comments are also provided about its distribution in Colombia together with a key for the identification of the species of this genus recorded in the country.

The samples were taken from the Laguna Navío Quebrado, La Guajira, northern Colombia (11°25'N and 73°5'W) (Figure 1). The sampling was from April to December 2012, in the littoral areas with vegetation (macrophytes) and open water with presence of an oyster bank. Water salinity ranged from 0 to 28. Water samples were collected using a bucket of 25 L at both vegetation areas and open water. Samples were filtered with a zooplankton net (45 µm) and preserved in 70% ethanol. Dissected specimens and appendages were mounted in glycerin and sealed with Canada balsam. The mounted appendages were photographed using a Kodak Easy Share C140 digital camera adapted to a compound microscope.

The specimen was measured in lateral position, from head to the posterior part of the valve. Identifications were according to Paggi (1978), Elmoor-Loureiro (1997), and Korovchinsky (1992). A single specimen of Diaphanosoma spinulosum was found and dissected, semi-permanent slides were deposited in the collection of the Museum of the Universidad del Atlántico, in Barranquilla, Colombia (UARC169M-171M).

The specimen from Laguna Navío Quebrado agrees with the general description of Diaphanosoma spinulosum (Paggi, 1978). Habitus robust, with a rather developed dorsal part (Figure 2a), body length from head to posterior part of valve 602 µm, head rectangular, antenna large and robust, with setal formula 4-8/0- 1-4; its basipodite rather longer than the biarticulated branch (Figure 2b), distal part of proximal segment of biarticulated antennal branch (exopodite) with one spine (Figure 2c), distal part of distal segment with one pointed prominence and one spine which is 2.2 times as long as the spine on distal part of proximal segment (Figure 2d).Ventral valve margin infolded (a duplicadura as named by Paggi 1978), posterior margin of inflexion bearing four long feathered setae (Figure 2e). Two dorsal spines near posterior margin of each valve with a row of spinules (Figure 2f). Posteroventral valve margin with large curved denticles and two small spines between them (Figure 2g). Postabdomen robust, with anal teeth and three basal spines of moderate size, the distal one the largest (Figure 2h). The postabdominal claw with a row of rather large denticles along ventral side, decreasing distally (Figure 2i).

Diaphanosoma spinulosum is considered a Neotropical species (Kotov et al., 2013). In Colombia it has been recorded in Amazonas, Córdoba, and Santander provinces (Barón-Rodríguez et al., 2006; Gallo-Sánchez et al., 2009; Aranguren- Riaño et al., 2011; Villabona-González et al., 2011). The occurrence of D. spinulosum at La Guajira Province is reported for the first time, expanding the occurrence of D. spinulosum in Colombia (Figure 3). At the present time, six species of Diaphanosoma are recognized to occur in Colombian water bodies: D. birgei Korínek, 1981, D. brachyurum (Liévin, 1848), D. spinulosum Herbst, 1975, D. dentatum Herbst, 1968, D. polyspina Korovchinsky, 1982, and D. brevireme Sars, 1901, which is the most frequently reported species (Barón-Rodríguez et al., 2006; Aranguren-Riaño et al., 2011; Fuentes et al., 2012).

The first record of D. spinulosum from the Neotropics could be attributed to Sars (1901), although he reported it as D. sarsi. The original description, however, was made by Herbst (1975) from Venezuela. Latter, it has been redescribed by Paggi (1978), Korovchisnky (1992) and Carruyo-Noguera et al. (2004). It is a common species; for example, in South America it has been reported by Elmoor-Loureiro et al. (2004) and Brito-Vieira et al. (2011), and has been also recorded in Central America (Collado et al., 1984; Elías-Gutiérrez and Varela, 2009). This species has a wide distribution in Colombia, it has been known to occur in both the northern and southern regions of the country. According to Sousa et al. (2009), D. spinulosum is a planktonic species.

Diaphanosoma spinulosum belongs to the first group classified by Korovchinsky (1986) because it is a large species with powerful swimming antennae and strong musculature and narrow free flap of the shell valves. This species superficially resembles its congener D. birgei, also a Neotropical species (Kotov et al., 2013), and both can be easily confused. These two species can be distinguished by several subtle characters including: 1) Small intermediate denticles without setule between the large denticles in the posterior-ventral margin of the valves in D. spinulosum (present paper); in D. birgei with small denticles and a setule between large denticles (Korínek, 1981, fig 6; Elmoor-Loureiro, 1990, fig. 9; Korovchinsky, 1992, fig. 139). 2) Ventral valve margin infolded; a duplicadura in D. spinulosum (present paper), while D. birgei lacks duplicadura (Elmoor-Loureiro, 1990; Korovchinsky, 1992). 3) Dorsal part of the head not protruding in D. spinulosum (present paper), while it is noticeable protruding in D. birgei (Korínek, 1981; Elmoor-Loureiro, 1990; Korovchinsky, 1992). 4) Postabdominal claw with denticles decreasing distally in D. spinulosum (present paper) and without them in D. birgei (Korínek, 1981, fig. 7; Elmoor-Loureiro, 1990, fig. 8; Korovchinsky, 1992, fig. 142).

This key, prepared using the descriptions presented in this paper as well as those provided by Korínek (1981), Korovchinsky (1992), and Elmoor-Loureiro (1990), might be useful for preliminary identification of the valid Diaphanosoma species from Colombia.

Key for the identification of the nominal species of Diaphanosoma recorded in Colombia

1A. Ventral valve margin without duplicadura ...................................................................................2
1B. Ventral valve margin with duplicadura.........................................................................................3
2A. Thin sharp spine on basipodital distal outer end.......................................D. birgei Korínek, 1981
2B. Wide lanceolate spine on basipodital distal outer end..................................D. brachyurum-group
3A. Postero-ventral valve margin with denticles almost of the same size...........................D. polyspina Korovchinsky, 1982
3B. Postero-ventral valve margin with denticles of different size.........................................................4
4A. Denticles decreasing proximally.............................................................D. brevireme Sars, 1901
4B. Denticles decreasing distally.......................................................................................................5
5A. With small denticles interspersed between large ones, head rectangular...................D. spinulosum Herbst, 1967
5B. Without small denticles interspersed between large ones, head cone shaped..............D. dentatum Herbst, 1968.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am very grateful to Drs. Juan Paggi and N. M Korovchinski for their valuable consultations, Dr. Ruben Torres for drawing some of the illustrations, and Dr. Lourdes M. Elmoor-Loureiro for her comments in the text.

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FECHA DE RECEPCIÓN: 13/12/2013                           FECHA DE ACEPTACIÓN: 16/06/2014