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Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales

Print version ISSN 0370-3908

Rev. acad. colomb. cienc. exact. fis. nat. vol.43 no.167 Bogotá Apr./June 2019

https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.778 

Mathematics

Integral transforms and extended Voigt functions

Transformadas integrales y funciones extendidas de Voigt

M.A. Pathan1 

1 Centre for Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Peechi P.O., Kerala-680653, India


Abstract

In this paper we introduce a generalization of the Voigt functions and discuss their properties and applications. Some interesting explicit series representations, integrals and identities and their link to Jacobi,Laguerre and Hermite polynomials are obtained. The resulting formulas allow a considerable unification of various special results which appear in the literature. © 2019. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

Key words: Voigt function; Bessel function; Parabolic function; Hypergeometric function and Laguerre polynomials

Resumen

En este artículo se introduce una generalización de las funciones de Voigt y se discuten sus propiedades y aplicaciones. Se obtienen representaciones explícitas de series, integrales e identidades y sus conexiones con los polinomios de Jacobi, Laguerre y Hermite. Las fórmulas resultantes permiten la unificación de algunos resultados especiales que aparecen en la literatura. © 2019. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

Palabras clave: Función de Voigt; Función de Bessel; Función parabólica; Polinomio de Laguerre

Introduction

The Voigt functions K (x; y) and L (x; y) are effective tools for solving a wide variety of problems in probability, statistical communication theory, astrophysical spectroscopy, emission, absorption and transfer of radiation in heated atmosphere, plasma dispersion, neutron reactions and indeed in the several diverse field of physics and engineering associated with multi-dimensional analysis of spectral harmonics. The Voigt functions are natural consequences of the well-known Hankel transforms, Fourier transforms and Mellin transforms, resulting in connections with the special functions. Many mathematicians and physicists have contributed to a better understanding of these functions.For a number of generalizations of Voigt functions, we refer Yang (1994). Pathan, et al. (2003), (2006), Klusch (1991) and Srivastava, et al. (1998). Following the work of Srivastava, et al. (1987), Klusch (1991) has given a generalization of the Voigt functions in the form

where ψ2 denotes one of Humbert's confluent hypergeometric function of two variables, defined by Srivastava, et al. (1984), p.59

(λ)n being the Pochhammer symbol defined (for λ Ε C) by

The classical Bessel function J v (x) is defined by (see, Andrews, et al. (1999)).

so that

Observe that J v (z) is the defining oscillatory kernel of Hankel's integral transform

p F q is the generalized hypergeometric series defined by (see, Andrews, et al. (1999)).

The following hypergeometric representation for the Jacobi polynomials is a special case of the above generalized hypergeometric series

Another special case [Prudnikov, et al. (1986), p.579 (18)] expressible in terms of hypergeometric function is

where is Laguerre polynomial [Andrews, et al. (1999)].

The generalized Hermite polynomials (known as Gould-Hopper polynomials) [Gould, et al. (1962)] defined by

are 2-variable Kampe de Feriet generalization of the Hermite polynomials Dattoli, et al. (2003) and Gould, et al. (1962)

These polynomials usually defined by the generating function

reduce to the ordinary Hermite polynomials H n (x) (when y = -1 and x is replaced by 2x).

We recall that the Hermite numbers H n are the values of the Hermite polynomials H n (x) at zero argument that is H n (0) = 0. A closed formula for Hn is given by

Altin, et al. (2006) presented a multivariable extension of the so called Lagrange-Hermite polynomials generated by [see Altin, et al. (2006), p.239, Eq.(1.2)] and Chan, et al. (2001):

Where

The special case when r = 2 in (1.13) is essentially a case which corresponds to the familiar (two-variable) Lagrange-Hermite polynomials considered by Dattoli, et al (2003)

The present work is inspired by the frequent requirements of various properties of Voigt functions in the analysis of certain applied problems. In the present paper it will be shown that generalized Voigt function is expressible in terms of a combination of Kampe de Feriet's functions. We also give further generalizations (involving multivariables) of Voigt functions in terms of series and integrals which are specially useful when the parameters take on special values. The results of multivariable Hermite polynomials are used with a view to obtaining explicit representations of generalized Voigt functions. Our aim is to further introduce two more generalizations of (1.1) and another interesting explicit representation of (1.1) in terms of Kampe de Feriet series [see (Srivastava, et al. (1984), p.63)]. Finally we discuss some useful consequences of Lagarange-Hermite polynomials and analyze the relations among different generalized Voigt functions.

Generalized Voigt function Φ α,β µ,v,r

In an attempt to generalize (1.1), we first investigate here the generalized Voigt function

Denition The generalized Voigt function is defined by the Hankel transform

where .

A fairly wide variety of Voigt functions can be represented in terms of the special cases of (2.1).We list below some cases.

The generalized Voigt function

is defined by the integral representation

where .

An obvious special case of (2.1) occurs when we take r = 2 and X = 1.We thus have

Clearly, the case X = 0 in (2.1) reduces to a generalization of (1.1) in the form

and (2.2) corresponds to (1.1) and (1.2) and we have

And

Moreover, is the classical Laplace transform of t u J v (xt). The case when z = 1/4 and X = 0 in (2.1) yields

Using the denition (2.1) with α = 0, β = 1 and applying [Prudnikov, et al. (1986), p.581(35)]

we get a connection between in the form

where Vμ,V is given by (1.1).

Similarly setting α = 1, β = 1 and applying [Prudnikov, et al. (1986), p.582(53)]

we get

Explicit Representations for Φ α,β µ,v,r

In (2.1),we expand 1 F' s 1 in series and integrate term. We thus find that

which may be rewritten in the form

where we have used the series manipulation [Srivastava, et al. (1984), p.101(5)]

By using a well-known Kummer's theorem [Prudnikov, et al. (1986), p.579(2)]

in (2.1) yields

which further for X = 1 and r = 2 reduces to

For r = 2, (3.3) reduces to the representation

In view of the result (1.7)[Prudnikov, et al. (1986), p.579(18)] with β = n (n an integer),(3.4) reduces to

Series expansions of Ω α,β µ,v,r involving Jacobi, Laguerre and Hermite polynomials

We consider the formula [Srivastava, et al. (1984), p.22] expressible in terms of Jacobi polynomials (x)[2] in the form

which on replacing t by yt and t by zt r gives

And

respectively. These last two results are now applied to (2.1) to yield a double series representation

As before, set r = 2 and use to get

Putting X=0 and using the property in (4.2),we obtain the following representation

Now consider a result [Prudnikov, et al. (1986), p.579 (8)] connecting 1F1 and Laguerre polynomial

which on replacing t by yt and t by zt r gives

And

respectively. These last two results are now applied to (2.1) to yield an integral representation

The use of generalized Hermite polynomials defined by (1.8) can be exploited to obtain the series representations of (2.1). We have indeed

by applying (1.8) to the integral on the right of (2.1). Since

we may write a limiting case of (2.1) in the form

which further for X=0 reduces to

Now in (4.6), using [Erdelyi, et al. (1954), 146(24)]

where D. v (x) is parabolic cylinder function [Prudnikov, et al. (1986)], we have

A reduction of interest involves the case of replacing y by y -u, z by z - v and μ by μ - v, and we obtain a known result of Pathan and Shahwan [10] (for m=2) in its correct form

Connections

We consider the following two integrals

where Hv (x) are Struve functions [Luke (1969), p.55(8)], x, y .

where sλ,v (x) are Lommel functions [Luke (1969), p.54 (9.4.5) (3)], .

To evaluate these two integrals,we will apply the following two results [Luke (1969), p.55(8)] and [Luke (1969), p.54(9.4.5)(3)]

Making appropriate substitution of Hv (x) and Sλν (x) from these two results in (5.1) and (5.2), we get

For X=0, (5.1) and (5.2) reduce to

Setting r=2 and z = 1/4 in (5.7) and comparing with a known result of [Pathan, et al. (2006), p.78(2.3)], we get

Setting r=2 in (5.8) and using [Prudnikov, et al. (1986), p.108], we are led to another possibility of dening the Voigt function in the form of Appell function. Thus we have

where α = λ + μ + 1.

Voigt function and numbers

First we consider a number which we denote by A k with a generating function

The series expansion for A k is

On comparing (6.1) with (1.14),we find that the number Ak and Lagrange-Hermite numbers are related as

Moreover from (6.1),we can obtain the following two Laplace transforms

where Ψ is logarithmic derivative of Γ function [Andrews, et al. (1999)].

Now we start with a result [Srivastava, et al. (1984), p.84 (15)] for Laguerre polynomials

which on replacing t by t2, α by β and y by z gives

On multiplying these two results yields

which is equivalent to

Using (6.1) and (1.10) in (6.4) gives

Comparing the coecients of t n on both the sides of (6.6), we get the the following representation of Hermite polynomials in the form

In view of the result (1.12) expressed for Hermite numbers Hn, for y = z = 0,(6.7) gives

Now we turn to the derivation of the representation of voigt function from (6.7). Multiply both he sides of (6.4) by and integrate with respect to t from 0 to ∞ to get

which on using (6.1) gives

For y = z = 0, (6.9) gives an interesting relation between Voigt functions in the form

Yet, another immediate consequence of (6.9) is obtained by taking y1 = y = z1 = 0 and applying (6.2). Thus we have

By setting z=0 in (6.4) and multiplying both he sides by ln t, integrating with respect to t from 0 to ∞ and using (6.3) and [Erdelyi, et al. (1954), p.148(4)]

we get

where Ψ is logarithmic derivative of Γ function [Srivastava, et al. (1984)].

If, in (6.5),we set α = β = 1, multiply both he sides by and integrate with respect to t from 0 to ∞, we get a generalization of (6.10) in the form

Some useful consequences of Lagarange-Hermite polynomials.

Now we start with a result [Srivastava, et al. (1984), p.84 (15)] for Laguerre polynomials written in a slightly different form

which on replacing t by t2, α by β, x1 by x1 and y by z gives

On multiplying these two results and adjusting the variables yields

which is equivalent to

Using the definition of Lagrange-Hermite polynomials given by (1.14) in (7.2), we get

which on replacing n by n-2m gives

Again applying the denition of Hermite polynomials given by (1.10) in (7.4), replacing n by n-k and comparing the coecients of t n , we get the following representation of

which reduces to (6.7) when we take x1 = x2 = 1 and use A k = .

It is also fairly straightforward to get a representation of generalized Voigt function V μν by appealing (7.3). We multiply both he sides by fe - and integrate with respect to t from 0 to ∞. Thus we get

On the other hand, multiplying both the sides of (7.4) by

and integrating with respect to t from 0 to ∞and then using (2.2), we get a generalization of (6.10) in the form

References

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Received: October 11, 2018; Accepted: April 04, 2019

*Corresponding autor: M.A. Pathan; mapathan@gmail.com

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