Dear readers,

I am pleased to present volume 17, issue 32, of the Journal Civilizar Social and Human Sciences, in which 36 authors participate, of which 13 belong to foreign institutions.

This issue incorporates articles on law where an approach to the consideration of shelters for ships in distress as a mechanism to prevent environmental pollution in the oceans, in the article Places of Refuge for Ships in Distress as an Application of the Principle of Prevention?; the issue of the implementation of defense of free competition is explained as a control for the behaviors that restrict market access and competition within it, in the article An Approach to the Modalities and Elements of Anti-competitive Public Aid. Finally, for this topic there is a reference to the origins, scope and content of the distinction of powers as a modern doctrine in the article A Contemporary Review of the Doctrine of the Distinction of Powers.

In Politics, audiences of accountability and territorial planning councils are documented as institutional mechanisms for citizen participation, in the article Analysis of Mechanisms of Local Participation in Colombia: Audiences of Accountability and Territorial Planning Councils. It describes the problems of women in situations of displacement and the role that the State has played in their condition of life, in the article The Role of the State and its Influence on the Living Conditions of Displaced Women. Medellín, 2015. It covers the development / progress dichotomy and its incidence in socioeconomic contexts, in the article Territories, Margin and Maps of Fragmentation. The Creation of Subjects of Development and Subjects of Marginality.

On the other hand, in Economics, we study the decreasing trend of unemployment and GDP in Venezuela in the article Where Do the Unemployed Move in Venezuela? The progression of economic thought of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is analyzed in the article Investigation on the Transition between Mercantilist Doctrines and the Birth of Political Economy. An Analysis of the Contributions of Thomas Man, James Stewart and David Hume and the results of a research on national intellectual production are examined in the article Bibliographic Review of the Application of the DEA Methodology in Colombia by Economic Activity.

In the area of Humanities, the results of a research on the scope of ICT in higher education are evaluated in the article Impact of ICT on the Social Representations of Teachers in the B-learning Modality; the results of an investigation about the citizenship processes of the students of a University are shown in the article Noopolitics as Mediation in the Analysis of Citizen Competences; the relevance of the spiritual universe is argued with respect to the problems in the article The Human Sensiitivity. Its Presence in the Letters of José Martí of 1895, and a historiographical review is observed on the events that took place in a department of Colombia in the article Memory and Violence: a Journey through some Reflections and Perspectives.

Finally, in Philosophy, we reflect on the notion of image from linguistic models in the article Image, Virtuality and Heterotopia. Reflections about the Image and its Heterotopic Function and the criticism is based on the analysis of two theses by the author Guy Debord in the article The Spectacle in Modern Societies: on the Subject of Two Theses by Debord.

I hope that the published contents are of your interest and pleasure. In the Journal Civilizar Social and Human Sciences we work to spread and expand the knowledge of Social Sciences.