<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0012-7353</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[DYNA]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Dyna rev.fac.nac.minas]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0012-7353</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0012-73532020000100163</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/dyna.v87n212.82309</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Immobilization of DNA probes on a high frequency piezoelectric biosensor]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Inmovilización de sondas de ADN en un biosensor de alta frecuencia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Monsalve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo-Grajales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marisol]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad EIA Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería Biomédica EIA-GIBEC ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad EIA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellin ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>87</volume>
<numero>212</numero>
<fpage>163</fpage>
<lpage>168</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0012-73532020000100163&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0012-73532020000100163&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0012-73532020000100163&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In recent years, researchers have taken to biosensors as effective tools for detection due to their portability, low-cost, fast response, and practicality. Piezoelectricity gave way to quartz crystal microbalances (QCM), of which high-frequency QCMs (HFF-QCM 100MHz) are still being researched. In this paper, we use DNA immobilization on a HFF-QCM via self-assembled monolayers (SAM) technique. Immobilization was initially verified with ATR-FTIR. Then, DNA was immobilized in real time on the HFF-QCM crystals. A variation in the phase of the signal suggests fixation of DNA to the surface, in accordance with ATR-FTIR results. A density of 629 ng/cm2 was computed. Also, a positive correlation between immobilized DNA and DNA concentration, and the appearance of a saturation point between 1 and 5 &#956;M were shown after analysis of different DNA concentrations.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En los últimos años, el interés en los biosensores ha aumentado ya que son efectivos, pueden ser portables y de bajo costo, tienen respuesta rápida y son de fácil uso. El fenómeno piezoeléctrico dio lugar a microbalanzas de cristal de cuarzo (QCM); QCM de alta frecuencia (HFF-QCM 100MHz) su comportamiento característico aún está en investigación. Se analizó la inmovilización de ADN para HFF-QCM. La inmovilización de ADN conjugado en cristales de cuarzo recubiertos de oro se realizó mediante monocapas autoensambladas (SAM). Luego, el ADN se inmovilizó en tiempo real en el HFF-QCM en cristales. La variación en la fase de la señal sugiere que el ADN se fijó efectivamente a la superficie, lo que es consistente con los resultados de ATR-FTIR. Se calculó una densidad de 629 ng /cm2. Finalmente, el análisis de diferentes concentraciones de ADN en tiempo real, muestra una correlación positiva entre el ADN inmovilizado y la concentración de ADN, y la aparición de un punto de saturación entre 1 y 5 &#956;M.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[DNA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[self-assembled monolayers, SAM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biosensors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[quartz crystal microbalances, QCM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[high-frequency, HFF-QCM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genosensor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ADN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[monocapas autoensambladas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biosensores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microbalanza de cristal de cuarzo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alta frecuencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genosensor]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nouws]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.P.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delerue-Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biosensors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr. Dev. Biotechnol. Bioeng]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>627-48</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biosensor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rapid Detect. Food Adulterants Contam]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>125-45</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evtugyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biosensors for pesticides and foodborne pathogens, in: Portable Biosensing Food Toxicants Environ]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pollut., CRC Press]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>605-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sauerbrey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Verwendung von schwingquarzen zur wägung dünner schichten und zur mikrowägung]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Zeitschrift Für Phys]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>155</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>206-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montagut-Ferizzola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sistema oscilador mejorado para aplicaciones de microbalanza (QCM) en medios líquidos y propuesta de un nuevo método de caracterización para biosensores piezoeléctricos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de València]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira-Brett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diculescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiorcea-Paquim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.H.P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chapter 20 DNA-electrochemical biosensors for investigating DNA damage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Compr. Anal. Chem]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>413-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Carrascosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo de un multibiosensor de ADN para el diagnóstico temprano de cáncer de mama]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Biología Molecular de la Facultad de Ciencias de la, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavrik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepaniak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Datskos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cantilever transducers as a platform for chemical and biological sensors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Sci. Instrum]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>2229-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbial biosensors: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biosens. Bioelectron]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>1788-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colorado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thiol-based self-assembled monolayers: formation, organization, and the role of adsorbate structure, in]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ref. Modul. Mater. Sci. Mater. Eng]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schreiber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structure and growth of self-assembling monolayers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prog. Surf. Sci]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>151-256</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[March]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inmunosensor piezoeléctrico para la detección del metabolito 3,5,6-tricloro-2-piridinol del plaguicida clorpirifos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. EIA]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>127-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vericat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benitez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvarezza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-assembled monolayers of thiols and dithiols on gold: new challenges for a well-known system. Chem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soc. Rev]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1805-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tombelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minunni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spiriti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mascini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A DNA-based piezoelectric biosensor: strategies for coupling nucleic acids to piezoelectric devices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Talanta]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>806-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nucleic acid and oligonucleotide modification and conjugation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioconjugate Techniques]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>959-87</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naturwissenschaften]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Optimization of interfaces for genosensors based on thiol layers on gold films]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Germany ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universitat Regensburg]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Touahir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvador-Andresa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allongue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chazalviel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gouget-Laemmel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Villeneuve]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moraillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozanam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabouze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Djebbar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Semiquantitative study of the EDC/NHS activation of acid terminal groups at modified porous silicon surfaces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Langmuir]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>809-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Himmelhaus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eisert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grunze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-assembly of n-alkanethiol monolayers. A study by IR-visible sum frequency spectroscopy (SFG)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. Chem. B]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>576-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marshall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bensebaa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observation of surface enhanced IR absorption coefficient in alkanethiol based self-assembled monolayers on GaAs(001)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Phys]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhadra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shajahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhattacharya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chadha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Studies on varying n-alkanethiol chain lengths on a gold coated surface and their effect on antibody-antigen binding efficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RSC Adv]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>98</numero>
<issue>98</issue>
<page-range>80480-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palazon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montenegro-Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Léonard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souteyrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chevolot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cloarec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Supporting information for : Carbodiimide / NHS derivatization of COOH-terminated SAMs : activation or byproduct formation?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Langmuir]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>4545-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EDC/NHS activation mechanism of polymethacrylic acid: anhydride versus NHS-ester]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RSC Adv]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>86</numero>
<issue>86</issue>
<page-range>69939-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>[23]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immobilization of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid on gold electrode with self-assembled aminoethanethiol monolayer for dna electrochemical sensor applications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Talanta]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>487-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>[24]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrovykh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kimura-Suda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarlov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantitative analysis and characterization of DNA immobilized on gold]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Am. Chem. Soc]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>5219-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>[25]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boncheva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheibler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lincoln]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Åkerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design of oligonucleotide arrays at interfaces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Langmuir]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>4317-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>[26]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantitative analysis and characterization of self- assembled DNA on a silver surface]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Langmuir]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>41</numero>
<issue>41</issue>
<page-range>14514-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>[27]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thourson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timpe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quartz crystal microbalance study of bovine serum albumin adsorption onto self-assembled monolayer-functionalized gold with subsequent ligand binding]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<page-range>707-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
