<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0012-7353</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[DYNA]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Dyna rev.fac.nac.minas]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0012-7353</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0012-73532021000200178</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/dyna.v88n217.93099</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Exact minimization of the energy losses and the CO2 emissions in isolated DC distribution networks using PV sources]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Minimización exacta de las pérdidas de energía y las emisiones de CO2 en redes de distribución DC aisladas empleando fuentes fotovoltaicas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar Danilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walter]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina-Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexander]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pereira ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>217</numero>
<fpage>178</fpage>
<lpage>184</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0012-73532021000200178&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0012-73532021000200178&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0012-73532021000200178&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper addresses the optimal location and sizing of photovoltaic (PV) sources in isolated direct current (DC) electrical networks, considering time-varying load and renewable generation curves. The mathematical formulation of this problem corresponds to mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), which is reformulated via mixed-integer convex optimization: This ensures the global optimum solving the resulting optimization model via branch &amp; bound and interior-point methods. The main idea of including PV sources in the DC grid is to minimize the daily energy losses and greenhouse emissions produced by diesel generators in isolated areas. The GAMS package is employed to solve the MINLP model, using mixed and integer variables; also, the CVX and MOSEK solvers are used to obtain solutions from the proposed mixed-integer convex model in the MATLAB. Numerical results demonstrate important reductions in the daily energy losses and the harmful gas emissions when PV sources are optimally integrated into DC grid.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este paper aborda la ubicación y el tamaño óptimos de las fuentes fotovoltaicas (PV) en redes eléctricas aisladas de corriente continua (CC), considerando la carga variable en el tiempo y las curvas de generación renovable. La formulación matemática de este problema corresponde a la programación no lineal de enteros mixtos (MINLP), que es reformulada mediante optimización convexa de enteros mixtos. Esto asegura el óptimo global resolviendo el modelo de optimización resultante a través de métodos de punto interior y ramificación. La idea principal de incluir fuentes fotovoltaicas en la red de CC es minimizar las pérdidas diarias de energía y las emisiones de efecto invernadero producidas por los generadores diésel en áreas aisladas. El paquete GAMS se emplea para resolver el modelo MINLP, utilizando variables mixtas y enteras. Además, los solucionadores CVX y MOSEK se utilizan para obtener soluciones del modelo convexo de enteros mixtos propuesto en MATLAB. Los resultados numéricos demuestran importantes reducciones en las pérdidas diarias de energía y las emisiones de gases nocivos cuando las fuentes fotovoltaicas se integran de manera óptima en la red de CC.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[minimization of greenhouse gas emissions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[renewable energy resources]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[daily demand curves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[convex optimization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diesel generators]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[minimización de gases de efecto invernadero]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fuentes de generación renovable]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[curvas de demanda diaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[optimización convexa, generadores diésel]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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