<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0012-7353</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[DYNA]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Dyna rev.fac.nac.minas]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0012-7353</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0012-73532025000100100</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/dyna.v92n235.116401</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Energy balance and GHG emissions from oil and natural gas production in Venezuela]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Balance energético y emisiones de GEI de la producción de petróleo y gas natural en Venezuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira-Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veracierta-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edda Valentina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Scipio-Cimetta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sabrina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-De León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Simón Bolívar  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ghent University Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ghent ]]></addr-line>
<country>Belgium</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Simón Bolívar Departamento de Termodinámica y Fenómenos de Transferencia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Simón Bolívar Departamento de Mecánica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>235</numero>
<fpage>100</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0012-73532025000100100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0012-73532025000100100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0012-73532025000100100&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper determines the energy balance based on Venezuela oil and natural gas production and its impact on GHG emissions during the 2023-2050 period. The historical behavior of energy consumption was established, and six (6) scenarios were proposed with the LEAP software considering the grade of economic opening in Venezuela and the grade of adoption of mitigation measures in the world. Results showed potential GHG emissions between 211.50 and 302.35 MMtCO2e by 2030, reaching 148.54 and 413.50 MMtCO2e by 2050. Five (5) scenarios indicated the compliance of Venezuela&#8217;s NDC objective. The sixth scenario would require mitigation measures starting 2026: increase electricity generation by renewable sources, incorporation of electric vehicles and decrease of natural gas flaring and venting, which would reduce 17.06% of GHG emissions.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo determina el balance energético con base en las producciones de petróleo y gas natural en Venezuela y su impacto sobre las emisiones de GEI en el período 2023-2050. Se estableció el comportamiento histórico del consumo energético y se plantearon seis (6) escenarios con el programa de computación LEAP, considerando el grado de apertura económica en Venezuela y el grado de adopción de medidas de mitigación del cambio climático en el mundo. Los resultados mostraron potenciales emisiones de GEI entre 211,50 y 302,35 MMtCO2e para el 2030, alcanzando 148,54 y 413,50 MMtCO2e en 2050. Cinco (5) escenarios indicaron el cumplimiento del objetivo de la CND de Venezuela. El sexto escenario requeriría medidas de mitigación a partir de 2026: incremento de generación eléctrica por renovables, incorporación de vehículos eléctricos y disminución de la quema y venteo de gas natural, con lo cual se reducirían las emisiones de GEI en 17,06%.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural gas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[energy balance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GHG emissions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mitigation.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[petróleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gas natural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[balance energético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emisiones GEI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mitigación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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