<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7418</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico - Farmacéuticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. cienc. quim. farm.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7418</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade Nacional da Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74182022000100026</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/rcciquifa.v51n1.94145</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the toxic potential of ethanolic extract and fractions of Ageratum fastigiatum]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Triagem fitoquímica e avaliação do potencial tóxico do extrato etanólico e frações de Ageratum fastigiatum]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cribado fitoquímico y evaluación del potencial tóxico del extracto etanólico y fracciones de Ageratum fastigiatum]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Castro Faria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Filipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes Cantuária]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vinícius]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kelly Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando Armini]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa Archanjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuzer Grael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristiane Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>26</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74182022000100026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74182022000100026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74182022000100026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[SUMMARY  Introduction:  Ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Ageratum fastigiatum are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.  Aim:  To evaluate toxicity in Artemia salina and in the cells of the connective tissue of mice (L929).  Methodology:  The extract was partitioned and its hexane, dichloromethane and hydroalcoholic phases were submitted to the same test. The phytochemical screening of the phases of the extract was performed using tests aimed at the detection of secondary metabolites and GC-MS. Regarding A. salina, the hydroalcoholic phase exhibited the highest toxicity (LC50, 1.33 mg/mL) and the crude ethanolic extract was the least toxic (LC50, 4.81 mg/mL). In the assay of L929 cells, the dichloromethane phase was the most toxic (95.48% reduction in cell viability; LC50, 11.39 µg/mL), while the hydroalcoholic phase was the least toxic (cell death percentage, 55.67-19.38 %; LC50, 174.20 µg/mL).  Result:  The phytochemical study indicated the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, triterpenes/steroids and tannins. The GC-MS analysis identified the presence of terpenoids and a lycopsamine derivative (a pyrrolizidine alkaloid).  Conclusion:  These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of A. fastigiatum had constituents (i.e., phenolic compounds) that corroborate its use in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, the toxicity detected and the presence of 3'-acetyl lycopsamine (a chemotaxonomic marker of the genus that is hepatotoxic) indicates that this medicinal plant should be used with caution.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  Introdução:  Os extratos etanólico e hidroalcoólico de Ageratum fastigiatum são usados na medicina popular como agentes antiinflamatório e analgésico.  Objetivo:  Avalidar quanto à sua toxicidade em Artemia salina e nas células do tecido conjuntivo de camundongos (L929).  Metodologia:  O extrato foi particionado e suas fases hexânica, diclorometânica e hidroalcoólica foram submetidas ao mesmo teste. A triagem fitoquímica das fases do extrato foi realizada por meio de testes visando a detecção de classes de metabólitos secundários e GC-MS.  Resultados:  Em relação a A. salina, a fase hidroalcoólica apresentou a maior toxicidade (CL50, 1,33 mg/mL) e o extrato etanólico bruto foi o menos tóxico (CL50_ 4,81 mg/mL). No ensaio de células L929, a fase de diclorometânica foi a mais tóxica (95,48% de redução na viabilidade celular; LC50, 11,39 µg/mL), enquanto a fase hidroalcoólica foi a menos tóxica (porcentagem de morte celular, 55,67-19,38 %; LC50, 174,20 µg/mL). O estudo fitoquímico indicou a provável presença de alcalóides, cumarinas, saponinas, triterpenos/ esteróides e taninos. A análise por GC-MS identificou a presença de terpenóides e um derivado de licopsamina (alcalóide pirrolizidínico).  Conclusão:  Esses resultados sugerem que o extrato etanólico de A. fastigiatum possui constituintes (ou seja, compostos fenólicos) que corroboram seu uso na medicina popular como agente antiinflamatório. No entanto, a toxicidade detectada e a presença da 3'-acetil licopsamina (um marcador quimiotaxonômico do gênero, que é hepatotóxico) indicam que essa planta medicinal deve ser usada com cautela.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción:  Los extractos etanólico e hidroalcohólico de Ageratum fastigiatum se utilizan en la medicina popular como agentes antiinflamatorios y analgésicos.  Objetivo:  Evaluar la toxicidad en artemia salina y en las células del tejido conectivo de ratones (L929).  Metodología:  El extracto se fraccionó y se sometieron a la misma prueba sus fases hexano, diclorometano e hidroalcohólica. El tamizaje fitoquímico de las fases del extracto se realizó mediante pruebas dirigidas a la detección de metabolitos secundarios y GC-MS. En cuanto a A. salina, la fase hidroalcohólica presentó la mayor toxicidad (CL50, 1,33 mg/mL) y el extracto etanólico crudo fue el menos tóxico (CL50, 4,81 mg/mL). En el ensayo de células L929, la fase de diclorometano fue la más tóxica (95,48% de reducción de la viabilidad celular; CL50, 11,39 µg/mL), mientras que la fase hidroalcohólica fue la menos tóxica (porcentaje de muerte celular, 55,67-19,38 %; CL50, 174,20 µg/mL).  Resultado:  El estudio fitoquímico indicó la probable presencia de alcaloides, cumarinas, saponinas, triterpenos/esteroides y taninos. El análisis GC-MS identificó la presencia de terpenoides y un derivado de licopsamina (un alcaloide de pirrolizidina).  Conclusión:  Estos resultados sugieren que el extracto etanólico de A. fastigiatum tenía constituyentes (es decir, compuestos fenólicos) que corroboran su uso en la medicina popular como agente antiinflamatorio. Sin embargo, la toxicidad detectada y la presencia de 3'-acetil licopsamina (un marcador quimiotaxonómico del género que es hepatotóxico) indica que esta planta medicinal debe utilizarse con precaución.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Artemia salina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cytotoxicity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[medicinal plant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural product]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Artemia salina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[citotoxicidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[planta medicinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[produto natural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Artemia salina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[citotoxicidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[planta medicinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[producto natural]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avelar-Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barroso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.F.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gregório]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha-Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito-Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.E.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Essential oil from Ageratumfastigiatum reduces expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha in peripheral blood leukocytes subjected to in vitro stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Bras. Farmacogn]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>129-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.G.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pignal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romaniuc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.F.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fagg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Useful Brazilian plants listed in the field books of the french naturalist Auguste de Saint-Hilaire (1779-1853)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. EthnopharmacoL]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>143</volume>
<page-range>488-500</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.C.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Archanjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.F.F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contribution for the phytochemical studies of Ageratum fastigiatum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Bras. Farmacogn]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>936-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del-Vechio-Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senna-Valle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of essential oil from Ageratum fastigiatum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>1115-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del-Vechio-Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.C.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bioactivities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches: antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anal. Acad. Bras. Ciênc]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>1471-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ottoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.H.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarenga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.G.M. de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.VW.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.G. Dos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito-Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.E.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avelar-Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of essential oil from Ageratumfastigiatum on beta-integrin (CD18) expression on human lymphocytes stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate in vitro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat. Prod. Res.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>3409-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del-Vechio-Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Ageratum fastigiatum (Asteraceae)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rec. Nat. Prod.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>52-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohlmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Labdane and eudesmane derivatives from Ageratum fastigiatum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytochemistry]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>1434-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Daucanolide further farnesene derivatives from Ageratum fastigiatum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phytochemistry]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>983-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introdução a fitoquímica experimental]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<edition>2a</edition>
<page-range>141</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Fortaleza ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UFC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Farmacognosia]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<edition>6a</edition>
<page-range>1031</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa, Portugal ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dool]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. Van Den]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kratz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Chromatogr]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>463-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Immunol. Methods]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>55-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrigni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Putnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nichols]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mclaughlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brine shrimp: A convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Med. Plant Res]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>31-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avelar-Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análise da composição química, atividade citotóxica e inibição de citocinas in vitro de preparações departes aéreas da planta Ageratum fastigiatum]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>1-105</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Diamantina ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiedenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity and problems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[FoodAddit. Contam]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>282-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zdero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohlmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematics and evolution within the Compositae, seen with the eyes of a chemist]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Syst. Evol]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>171</volume>
<page-range>1-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simões]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.M.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schenkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.C.P. De]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mentz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrovick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Farmacognosia- do produto natural ao medicamento]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<edition>1a</edition>
<page-range>502</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Porto Alegre ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Artmed]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mandal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karthe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadasivan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haridas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antiinflammatory property of n-hexadecanoic acid: structural evidence and kinetic assessment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chem. Biol. Drug Des]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>434-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esatbeyoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulbrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rehberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rohn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rimbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal stability, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin and its degradation product 4-vinyl guaiacol]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Funct]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>887-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. De Las]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saenz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New insights into the mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory triterpene lupeol]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Pharm. Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>1533-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenolic constituents from the rhizomes of Acorus gramineus and their biological evaluation on antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>6155-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bandeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anti-inflammatory effects andpossible mechanism of action of lupeol acetateisolated from Himatan-thus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Inflamm]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>60</numero>
<issue>60</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seetharaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bae]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethyl linoleate from garlic attenuates lipo-polysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. Immunopharmacol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>253-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogerio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.F.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.P.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calixto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preventive and therapeutic anti-inflammatory properties of the sesquiterpene a-humulene in experimental airways allergic inflammation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br. J. Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>158</volume>
<page-range>1074-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and food safety]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Mol. Sci.]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1668</numero>
<issue>1668</issue>
<page-range>2018</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trevisan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philippsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efeito alelopático e toxicidade frente à Artemia salina Leach dos extratos do fruto de Euterpe edulis Mart]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Bot. Bras.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>331-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajabi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramazani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Artemia salina as a model organism in toxicity assessment of nanoparticles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[DARU J. Pharm. Sci]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
