<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7418</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico - Farmacéuticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. cienc. quim. farm.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7418</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade Nacional da Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74182023000200994</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/rcciquifa.v52n2.110752</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Acceso a medicamentos en pacientes con cáncer de mama: una revisión narrativa de la literatura]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Access to medicines in patients with breast cancer: A narrative review of the literature]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Acesso a medicamentos em pacientes com câncer de mama: uma revisão narrativa da literatura]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñaloza Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rolando Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agudelo Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yesika Tatiana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matallana Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Alexandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata Matheus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura Vanessa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhonathan Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bueno Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jennifer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Misión Salud  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>994</fpage>
<lpage>1020</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74182023000200994&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74182023000200994&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74182023000200994&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ Introducción en la actualidad existe un problema mundial relacionado con el acceso a los medicamentos esenciales por parte de las poblaciones, razón por la cual organismos internacionales como la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud han manifestado su preocupación por garantizar el derecho a la salud para todos, en especial para quienes padecen patologías de alta prevalencia y mortalidad como es el caso del cáncer de mama, por lo que resulta de interés explorar barreras de acceso.  Objetivo realizar una síntesis narrativa para identificar elementos que puedan repercutir en el acceso y uso de medicamentos para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama.  Metodología se realizó una revisión narrativa consistente en cinco fases: I) búsqueda bibliográfica, II) revisión por título y resumen, III) Revisión de texto completo y IV) selección de las referencias y V) Análisis descriptivo.  Resultados se identificaron barreras individuales para el acceso como el bajo poder adquisitivo en pacientes, el bajo nivel educativo, los requerimientos de largos desplazamientos para la obtención de los medicamentos y elementos de discriminación social. Por otro lado, a nivel institucional y de sistemas de salud se detectaron dificultades en los trámites para acceder a los tratamientos, falta de coordinación entre instituciones, barreras en regulación de precios y poca disponibilidad de medicamentos.  Conclusiones los hallazgos ofrecen un acercamiento en proponer soluciones y alternativas para la estructuración de políticas en salud pública que garanticen el acceso a medicamentos a cáncer de mama a los pacientes que lo requieran.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ Introduction Currently, there is a global problem related to access to essential medicines by populations, which is why international organizations such as the Panamerican Health Organization and the World Health Organization have expressed their concern to guarantee the right to health for all, especially for those who suffer pathologies with high prevalence and mortality such as breast cancer, so it is of great interest to explore access barriers.  Aim To conduct a narrative synthesis to identify elements that may have an impact on access and use of medicines for the treatment of breast cancer.  Methodology a narrative review was carried out, it consisted of five phases: I) bibliographic search, II) review of titles and abstracts, III) full text review, IV) selection of references, and V) descriptive analysis.  Results Individual barriers to access were identified, such as low purchasing power in patients, low educational level, long travel requirements to obtain medicines, and elements of social discrimination. On the other hand, at the institutional and health system level, difficulties were detected in the procedures to access treatments, lack of coordination between institutions, barriers in price regulation, and little availability of medicines.  Conclusions The findings offer an approach to proposing solutions and alternatives for the structuring of public health policies that guarantee access to breast cancer medicines to patients who require it.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[ Introdução atualmente, existe um problema global relacionado ao acesso a medicamentos essenciais pelas populações, razão pela qual organizações internacionais como a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde e a Organização Mundial da Saúde têm manifestado sua preocupação em garantir o direito à saúde para todos, especialmente para aqueles que sofrem de patologias de alta prevalência e mortalidade como o câncer de mama, por isso é interessante explorar as barreiras de acesso.  Objetivo realizar uma síntese narrativa para identificar elementos que possam interferir no acesso e uso de medicamentos para o tratamento do câncer de mama.  Metodologia foi realizada uma revisão narrativa composta por cinco fases: I) pesquisa bibliográfica, II) revisão por título e resumo, III) revisão do texto completo e IV) seleção de referências e V) análise descritiva.  Resultados foram identificadas barreiras individuais ao acesso, como baixo poder aquisitivo dos pacientes, baixa escolaridade, necessidade de viagens de longa distância para obtenção de medicamentos e elementos de discriminação social. Por outro lado, ao nível institucional e dos sistemas de saúde, foram detectadas dificuldades nos procedimentos de acesso ao tratamento, falta de coordenação entre instituições, barreiras na regulação de preços e pouca disponibilidade de medicamentos.  Conclusões os achados oferecem uma abordagem para propor soluções e alternativas para a estruturação de políticas públicas de saúde que garantam o acesso a medicamentos para o câncer de mama às pacientes que o necessitam.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neoplasias de la mama]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acceso a medicamentos esenciales y tecnologías sanitarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[literatura de revisión como asunto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Breast neoplasms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[access to essential medicines and health technologies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[review literature as topic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Neoplasias da mama]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[acesso a medicamentos essenciais e tecnologias de saúde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[literatura de revisão como assunto]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferlay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soerjomataram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jemal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CA Cancer J. Clin.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>394-424</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wild]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<collab>International Agency for Research on Cancer</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World Cancer Report 2014]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lyon ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Addressing the global shortage of, and access to, medicines and vaccines]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oscanoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acceso y usabilidad de medicamentos: propuesta para una definición operacional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>119-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The world medicines situation 2011: Access to essential medicines as part of the right to health]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<edition>3a</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Cancerología ESE</collab>
<collab>Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Atlas de mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<edition>4a</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo</collab>
<collab>Cuenta de Alto Costo (CAC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Situación del cáncer en la población adulta atendida en el SGSSS de Colombia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo</collab>
<collab>Cuenta de Alto Costo (CAC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Situación del cáncer en la población adulta atendida en el SGSSS de Colombia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<page-range>399-404</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inequidad y cáncer: una revisión conceptual]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>341-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ECLAC</collab>
<collab>Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Social Panorama of Latin America, 2018]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations publication]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sh.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zh.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The fluctuating incidence, improved survival of patients with breast cancer, and disparities by age, race, and socioeconomic status by decade, 1981&#8211;2010]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Manag. Res.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>4899-914</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pires de Lemos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho de Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes-Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.H.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verguet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra Junior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal-Cherchiglia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stage at diagnosis and stage-specific survival of breast cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Vries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buitrago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quitian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiesner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Access to cancer care in Colombia, a middle-income country with universal health coverage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Cancer Policy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>Part B</numero>
<issue>Part B</issue>
<page-range>104-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Werutsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Access to high-cost drugs for advanced breast cancer in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecancermedicalscience]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>13</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bazargani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Boer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schellens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leufkens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.G.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantel-Teeuwisse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Essential medicines for breast cancer in low and middle income countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Cancer]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Charry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasquilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Equidad en la detección del cáncer de seno en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>571-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baril]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kunicki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soukup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipsitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.t]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bigby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>REACH 2010 Breast and Cervical Cancer Coalition</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Addressing social determinants of health to improve access to early breast cancer detection: Results of the Boston reach 2010 breast and cervical cancer coalition women's health demonstration project]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Womens Health (Larchmt)]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>677-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seidman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Country and regional variations in purchase prices for essential cancer medications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Cancer]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The availability of essential cancer medication: An analysis of national formularies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Cancer Policy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>49-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deprá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.D.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maksud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estratégias de instituições da sociedade civil no acesso a medicamentos para câncer de mama no SUS]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cad. Saúde Pública]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1517-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Racial/ethnic differences in patient experiences with health care in association with earlier stage at breast cancer diagnosis: Findings from the SEER-CAHPS data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Causes and Control]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>13-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frenk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knaul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shulman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alleyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armstrong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expansion of cancer care and control in countries of low and middle income: A call to action]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Lancet]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>376</volume>
<numero>9747</numero>
<issue>9747</issue>
<page-range>1186-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>[23]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Fix the Patent Laws Campaign</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Patent barriers to medicine access in South Africa: A case for patent law reform]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>[24]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gotham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erbacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meldrum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimated generic prices of cancer medicines deemed cost-ineffective in England: A cost estimation analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>[25]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gotham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortunak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meldrum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erbacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Target prices for mass production of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for global cancer treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ Open]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>[26]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lammers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Criscitiello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curigliano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Barriers to the use of trastuzumab for HER2+ breast cancer and the potential impact of biosimilars: A physician survey in the United States and emerging markets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmaceuticals (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>943-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>[27]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lammers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cartwright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Barriers to the access of bevacizumab in patients with solid tumors and the potential impact of biosimilars: A physician survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmaceuticals (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>[28]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okoronkwo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ejike-Okoye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chinweuba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nwaneri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Financial barriers to utilization of screening and treatment services for breast cancer: An equity analysis in Nigeria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Niger. J. Clin. Pract.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>287-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>[29]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piñeros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cendales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Demoras en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de mujeres con cáncer de mama en Bogotá, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Pública de México]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>478-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>[30]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramaswami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Cathail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brindley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silcocks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahmoud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Activity of eribulin mesylate in heavily pretreated breast cancer granted access via the Cancer Drugs Fund]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Future Oncol.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>363-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>[31]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramjan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Algoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening for women with physical disability: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Women Health]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>141-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>[32]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo-Zea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva-Maya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade-Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VH-Dover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acceso a servicios de salud: análisis de barreras y estrategias en el caso de Medellín, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Gerencia y Políticas de Salud]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>242-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>[33]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estupiñán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estupiñán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud: narrativas de mujeres con cáncer de mama en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>305-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>[34]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado-Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez-Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de la normatividad de países suramericanos relacionada con los derechos de propiedad intelectual aplicables a medicamentos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Propiedad Inmaterial]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>5-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>[35]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conde-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La estandarización internacional de las patentes y sus efectos en el acceso a medicamentos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rengifo-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho de Patentes]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>107-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Externado de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>[36]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.V.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Townsend]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kilic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keegel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gleeson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is the impact of intellectual property rules on access to medicines? A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Globalization and Health]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>18</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>[37]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estupiñán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinantes del tratamiento oportuno en mujeres con cáncer de mama apoyadas por seis organizaciones no gubernamentales en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>297-305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>[38]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cifuentes-Salinas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duque-Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Garzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percepción sobre la ruta de atención en salud de cáncer en pacientes de Envigado, 2020-2021]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Hematología y Oncología]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>92-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>[39]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The selection and use of essential medicines: Report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2017]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>[40]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado-Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Representaciones sociales del medicamento genérico en pacientes adultos polimedicados de Bogotá]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>[41]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ledezma-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amariles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Peláez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi-Buenaventura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estrategias para promover el acceso a medicamentos de interés en salud pública: revisión estructurada de la literatura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
