<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7426</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Matemáticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.colomb.mat.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7426</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia y Sociedad Colombiana de Matemáticas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74262010000100004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Maximal Virtual Schottky Groups: Explicit Constructions]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Grupos de Schottky virtuales maximales: construcciones explícitas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HIDALGO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RUBÉN A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Valparaíso ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>57</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74262010000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74262010000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74262010000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[A Schottky group of rank g is a purely loxodromic Kleinian group, with non-empty region of discontinuity, isomorphic to the free group of rank g. A virtual Schottky group is a Kleinian group K containing a Schottky group &Gamma; as a finite index subgroup. In this case, let g be the rank of &Gamma;. The group K is an elementary Kleinian group if and only if g &isin; {0,1}. Moreover, for each g &isin; {0,1} and for every integer n &ge; 2, it is possible to find K and &Gamma; as above for which the index of &Gamma; in K is n. If g &ge; 2, then the index of &Gamma; in K is at most 12(g-1). If K contains a Schottky subgroup of rank g &ge; 2 and index 12(g-1), then K is called a maximal virtual Schottky group. We provide explicit examples of maximal virtual Schottky groups and corresponding explicit Schottky normal subgroups of rank g &ge; 2 of lowest rank and index 12(g-1). Every maximal Schottky extension Schottky group is quasiconformally conjugate to one of these explicit examples. Schottky space of rank g, denoted by Sg, is a finite dimensional complex manifold that parametrizes quasiconformal deformations of Schottky groups of rank g. If g &ge; 2, then Sg has dimension 3(g-1). Each virtual Schottky group, containing a Schottky group of rank g as a finite index subgroup, produces a sublocus in Sg, called a Schottky strata. The maximal virtual Schottky groups produce the maximal Schottky strata. As a consequence of the results, we see that the maximal Schottky strata is the disjoint union of properly embedded quasiconformal deformation spaces of maximal virtual Schottky groups.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Un grupo de Schottky de rango g es un grupo Kleiniano puramente loxodrómico, con región de discontinuidad no vacía, e isomorfo al grupo libre de rango g. Un grupo de Schottky virtual es un grupo Kleiniano K que contiene un grupo de Schottky &Gamma; como subgrupo de índice finito. En tal caso, sea g el rango de &Gamma;. El grupo K es un grupo Kleiniano elemental si y sólo si g &isin; {0,1}. Más aún, para cada g &isin; {0,1} y para cada entero n &ge; 2, es posible construir &Gamma; and K de manera que &Gamma; tenga índice n en K. Si g &ge; 2, entonces el índice de &Gamma; en K es a lo más 12(g-1). Si K contiene un subgrupo de Schottky de rango g &ge; 2 e índice 12(g-1), entonces K es llamado un grupo de Schottky virtual maximal. Proveemos ejemplos explícitos de grupos de Schottky virtuales maximales y correspondientes subgrupos de Schottky normales de rango g &ge; 2 e índice 12(g-1). Todo grupo de Schottky virtual maximal es cuasiconformemente conjugado a uno de estos ejemplos. El espacio de Schottky de rango g, denotado por Sg, es una variedad compleja finito dimensional que parametriza las deformaciones cuasiconformes de grupos de Schottky de rango g. Si g &ge; 2, entonces Sg tiene dimensión 3(g-1). Cada grupo de Schottky virtual, conteniendo un grupo de Schottky de rango g como subgrupo de índice finito, produce un subconjunto en Sg, llamado un estrato de Schottky. Los grupos de Schottky virtuales maximales producen el estrato de Schottky maximal. Como consecuencia de los resultados obtenidos, se obtiene que el estrato de Schottky maximal es la unión disjunta de incrustaciones de espacios de deformación cuasiconforme de grupos de Schottky virtuales maximales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Schottky groups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kleinian groups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Automorphisms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Riemann surfaces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Grupos de Schottky]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grupos Kleinianos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[automorfismos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[superficies de Riemann]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ 
<font size="2" face="verdana">

    <p>
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    <center>
Maximal Virtual Schottky Groups: Explicit Constructions
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    <p>
<b>
<font size="3">
    <center>
Grupos de Schottky virtuales maximales: construcciones expl&iacute;citas
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    <p>
    <center>
RUB&Eacute;N A. HIDALGO<sup>1</sup>
</center>
</p>

    <p>
<sup>1</sup>Universidad T&eacute;cnica Federico Santa Mar&iacute;a, Valpara&iacute;so, Chile. Email: <a href="mailto:ruben.hidalgo@usm.cl">ruben.hidalgo@usm.cl</a>
    <br>
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<b>
    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>
Abstract
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    <p>
A Schottky group of rank <i>g</i> is a purely loxodromic Kleinian group, with non-empty region of discontinuity, isomorphic to the free group of rank <i>g</i>.     <br>

A virtual Schottky group is a Kleinian group <i>K</i> containing a Schottky group <i>&Gamma;</i> as a finite index subgroup. In this case, let <i>g</i> be the rank of <i>&Gamma;</i>. The group <i>K</i> is an elementary Kleinian group if and only if <i>g &isin; {0,1}</i>. Moreover, for each <i>g &isin; {0,1}</i> and for every integer <i>n &ge; 2</i>, it is possible to find <i>K</i> and <i>&Gamma;</i> as above for which the index of <i>&Gamma;</i> in <i>K</i> is <i>n</i>. If <i>g &ge; 2</i>, then the index of <i>&Gamma;</i> in <i>K</i> is at most <i>12(g-1)</i>.     <br>

If <i>K</i> contains a Schottky subgroup of rank <i>g &ge; 2</i> and index <i>12(g-1)</i>, then <i>K</i> is called a maximal virtual Schottky group. We provide explicit examples of maximal virtual Schottky groups and corresponding explicit Schottky normal subgroups of rank <i>g &ge; 2</i> of lowest rank and index <i>12(g-1)</i>. Every maximal Schottky extension Schottky group is quasiconformally conjugate to one of these explicit examples.     <br>

Schottky space of rank <i>g</i>, denoted by <i>S<sub>g</sub></i>, is a finite dimensional complex manifold that parametrizes quasiconformal deformations of Schottky groups of rank <i>g</i>. If <i>g &ge; 2</i>, then <i>S<sub>g</sub></i> has dimension <i>3(g-1)</i>. Each virtual Schottky group, containing a Schottky group of rank <i>g</i> as a finite index subgroup, produces a sublocus in <i>S<sub>g</sub></i>, called a Schottky strata. The maximal virtual Schottky groups produce the maximal Schottky strata. As a consequence of the results, we see that the maximal Schottky strata is the disjoint union of properly embedded quasiconformal deformation spaces of maximal virtual Schottky groups.
</p>

    <p>
<b>
Key words:
</b>
Schottky groups,
Kleinian groups,
Automorphisms,
Riemann surfaces.
</p>

<hr size="1">

<i>2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 30F10, 30F40.</i>

<hr size="1">

    <p>
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    <center>
Resumen
</center>
</b>
</p>

    <p>
Un grupo de Schottky de rango <i>g</i> es un grupo Kleiniano puramente loxodr&oacute;mico, con regi&oacute;n de discontinuidad no vac&iacute;a, e isomorfo al grupo libre de rango <i>g</i>.     <br>

Un grupo de Schottky virtual es un grupo Kleiniano <i>K</i> que contiene un grupo de Schottky <i>&Gamma;</i> como subgrupo de &iacute;ndice finito. En tal caso, sea <i>g</i> el rango de <i>&Gamma;</i>. El grupo <i>K</i> es un grupo Kleiniano elemental si y s&oacute;lo si <i>g &isin; {0,1}</i>. M&aacute;s a&uacute;n, para cada <i>g &isin; {0,1}</i> y para cada entero <i>n &ge; 2</i>, es posible construir <i>&Gamma;</i> and <i>K</i> de manera que <i>&Gamma;</i> tenga &iacute;ndice <i>n</i> en <i>K</i>. Si <i>g &ge; 2</i>, entonces el &iacute;ndice de <i>&Gamma;</i> en <i>K</i> es a lo m&aacute;s <i>12(g-1)</i>.     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>

Si <i>K</i> contiene un subgrupo de Schottky de rango <i>g &ge; 2</i> e &iacute;ndice <i>12(g-1)</i>, entonces <i>K</i> es llamado un grupo de Schottky virtual maximal. Proveemos ejemplos expl&iacute;citos de grupos de Schottky virtuales maximales y correspondientes subgrupos de Schottky normales de rango <i>g &ge; 2</i> e &iacute;ndice <i>12(g-1)</i>. Todo grupo de Schottky virtual maximal es cuasiconformemente conjugado a uno de estos ejemplos.     <br>

El espacio de Schottky de rango <i>g</i>, denotado por <i>S<sub>g</sub></i>, es una variedad compleja finito dimensional que parametriza las deformaciones cuasiconformes de grupos de Schottky de rango <i>g</i>. Si <i>g &ge; 2</i>, entonces <i>S<sub>g</sub></i> tiene dimensi&oacute;n <i>3(g-1)</i>. Cada grupo de Schottky virtual, conteniendo un grupo de Schottky de rango <i>g</i> como subgrupo de &iacute;ndice finito, produce un subconjunto en <i>S<sub>g</sub></i>, llamado un estrato de Schottky. Los grupos de Schottky virtuales maximales producen el estrato de Schottky maximal. Como consecuencia de los resultados obtenidos, se obtiene que el estrato de Schottky maximal es la uni&oacute;n disjunta de incrustaciones de espacios de deformaci&oacute;n cuasiconforme de grupos de Schottky virtuales maximales.
</p>

    <p>
<b>
Palabras clave:
</b>
Grupos de Schottky,
grupos Kleinianos,
automorfismos,
superficies de Riemann.
</p>

<hr size="1">

    <p>
Texto completo disponible en <a href="pdf/rcm/v44n1/v44n1a04.pdf">PDF</a>
</p>

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References
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<b>(Recibido en agosto de 2009. Aceptado en febrero de 2010)</b>
</center>
<hr size="1">

    <p>
Este art&iacute;culo se puede citar en <i>LaTeX</i> utilizando la siguiente referencia bibliogr&aacute;fica de <i>BibTeX</i>:
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<code><font size="2" face="verdana">
@ARTICLE{RCMv44n1a04,    <br>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; AUTHOR &nbsp;= {Hidalgo, Rub&eacute;n A.},    <br>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TITLE &nbsp; = {{Maximal Virtual Schottky Groups: Explicit Constructions}},    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JOURNAL = {Revista Colombiana de Matem&aacute;ticas},    <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; YEAR &nbsp;&nbsp; = {2010},    <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; volume &nbsp;= {44},    <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; number &nbsp;= {1},    <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pages &nbsp; = {41-57}    <br>
}
</font></code>

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