<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7426</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Matemáticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.colomb.mat.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7426</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia y Sociedad Colombiana de Matemáticas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74262011000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[On Spherical Invariance]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Sobre invariancia esférica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARBELÁEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HUGO]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEJÍA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DIEGO]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>112</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74262011000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74262011000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74262011000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In 1964 Pommerenke introduced the notion of linear invariant family for locally injective analytic functions defined in the unit disk of the complex plane. Following Ma and Minda (who extended this notion to spherical geometry), we consider in this paper locally injective meromorphic functions in the unit disk. More precisely, we study families of such functions for which a certain invariant, called spherical order, is finite. Several consequences on the finiteness of the spherical order are explored, in particular the connection with the Schwarzian and normal orders, and with uniform perfectness.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En 1964 Pommerenke introdujo la noción de familia linealmente invariante para funciones analíticas localmente inyectivas definidas en el disco unidad del plano complejo. Siguiendo las ideas de Ma y Minda (quienes extendieron ésta noción a la geometría esférica), en este artículo consideramos funciones meromorfas localmente inyectivas definidas en el disco unidad. Más precisamente, estudiamos familias de tales funciones para las cuales un cierto invariante, llamado orden esférico, es finito. Varias consecuencias sobre la finitud del orden esférico son exploradas, en particular la conexión con los órdenes schwarziano y normal, y con dominios cuya frontera es uniformemente perfecta.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spherical invariance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spherical order]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Schwarzian derivative]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Normal function]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Uniformly perfect]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Invariancia esférica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[orden esférico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derivada schwarziana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[función normal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[uniformemente perfecto]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ 
<font size="2" face="verdana">

    <p>
<b>
<font size="4">
    <center>
On Spherical Invariance
</center>
</font>
</b>
</p>

    <p>
<b>
<font size="3">
    <center>
Sobre invariancia esf&eacute;rica
</center>
</font>
</b>
</p>

    <p>
    <center>
HUGO ARBEL&Aacute;EZ<sup>1</sup>, 
DIEGO MEJ&Iacute;A<sup>2</sup>
</center>
</p>

    <p>
<sup>1</sup>Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell&iacute;n, Colombia. Email: <a href="mailto:hjarbela@unal.edu.co">hjarbela@unal.edu.co</a>
    <br>

<sup>2</sup>Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell&iacute;n, Colombia. Email: <a href="mailto:dmejia@unal.edu.co">dmejia@unal.edu.co</a>
    <br>
</p>

<hr size="1">

    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>
<b>
    <center>
Abstract
</center>
</b>
</p>

    <p>
In 1964 Pommerenke introduced the notion of linear invariant family for locally injective analytic functions defined in the unit disk of the complex plane. Following Ma and Minda (who extended this notion to spherical geometry), we consider in this paper locally injective meromorphic functions in the unit disk. More precisely, we study families of such functions for which a certain invariant, called spherical order, is finite. Several consequences on the finiteness of the spherical order are explored, in particular the connection with the Schwarzian and normal orders, and with uniform perfectness.
</p>

    <p>
<b>
Key words:
</b>
Spherical invariance,
Spherical order,
Schwarzian derivative,
Normal function,
Uniformly perfect.
</p>

<hr size="1">

<i>2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 30D30, 30D45, 30C45, 30F45.</i>

<hr size="1">

    <p>
<b>
    <center>
Resumen
</center>
</b>
</p>

    <p>
En 1964 Pommerenke introdujo la noci&oacute;n de familia linealmente invariante para funciones anal&iacute;ticas localmente inyectivas definidas en el disco unidad del plano complejo. Siguiendo las ideas de Ma y Minda (quienes extendieron &eacute;sta noci&oacute;n a la geometr&iacute;a esf&eacute;rica), en este art&iacute;culo consideramos funciones meromorfas localmente inyectivas definidas en el disco unidad. M&aacute;s precisamente, estudiamos familias de tales funciones para las cuales un cierto invariante, llamado orden esf&eacute;rico, es finito. Varias consecuencias sobre la finitud del orden esf&eacute;rico son exploradas, en particular la conexi&oacute;n con los &oacute;rdenes schwarziano y normal, y con dominios cuya frontera es uniformemente perfecta.
</p>

    <p>
<b>
Palabras clave:
</b>
Invariancia esf&eacute;rica,
orden esf&eacute;rico,
derivada schwarziana,
funci&oacute;n normal,
uniformemente perfecto.
</p>

<hr size="1">

    <p>
Texto completo disponible en <a href="pdf/rcm/v45n1/v45n1a07.pdf">PDF</a>
</p>

<hr size="1">

    <p>
<b>
<font size="3">
References
</font>
</b>
</p>


    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p>
[1] A. Beardon and C. Pommerenke, `The Poincar&eacute; Metric of Plane Domains´, <i>J. London Math. Soc.</i> <i>2</i>, 18 (1978), 475-483.
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[2] J. Dufresnoy, `Sur les domaines couverts par les valeurs d'une fonction m&eacute;romorphe ou alg&eacute;broïde´, <i>Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup.</i> <i>58</i>,  (1941), 179-259.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000025&pid=S0034-7426201100010000700002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->

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[3] P. Duren, <i>Univalent Functions</i>, Grundlehren Math. Wiss. 259, Springer, New York, United States, 1983.
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[4] W. Hayman, <i>Meromorphic Functions</i>, Oxford University Press, 1964.
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[5] W. Kraus, `&Uuml;ber den Zusammenhang einiger Charakteristiken eines einfach Zusammenhängenden Bereiches mit der Kreisabbildung´, <i>Mitt. Math. Sem. Giessen</i> <i>21</i>,  (1932), 1-28.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000031&pid=S0034-7426201100010000700005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->

    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p>
[6] R. K&uuml;hnau, `Geometrie der konformen Abbildung auf der projektiven Ebene´, <i>Wiss. Z. Martin - Luther - Univ. Halle - Wittenberg Math. - Natur.</i> <i>12</i>,  (1963), 5-19.
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[7] P. Lappan, `A Non-Normal Locally Uniformly Univalent Function´, <i>Bull. London Math. Soc.</i> <i>5</i>,  (1973), 291-294.
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    <!-- ref --><p>
[8] W. Ma and D. Minda, Spherical Linear Invariance and Uniform Local Spherical Convexity, `Current Topics in Analytic Function Theory´, (1992), World Scientific Publishing, River Edge, p. 148-170.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000037&pid=S0034-7426201100010000700008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->

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[9] D. Mej&iacute;a, Funciones M&ouml;bius-Invariantes, Trabajo presentado para optar a la categor&iacute;a de Profesor Titular, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell&iacute;n, Colombia, 2007.
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[10] D. Mej&iacute;a and C. Pommerenke, `On Spherically Convex Univalent Functions´, <i>Michigan Math. J.</i> <i>47</i>,  (2000), 163-172.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000041&pid=S0034-7426201100010000700010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->

    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p>
[11] C. Pommerenke, `Linear-invariante Familien Analytischer Funktionen I´, <i>Math. Annalen</i> <i>155</i>,  (1964), 108-154.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000043&pid=S0034-7426201100010000700011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->

    <!-- ref --><p>
[12] C. Pommerenke, <i>Univalent functions</i>, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, G&ouml;ttingen, Germany, 1975.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000045&pid=S0034-7426201100010000700012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->

    <!-- ref --><p>
[13] C. Pommerenke, `Uniformly perfect sets and the Poincar&eacute; metric´, <i>Arch. Math.</i> <i>32</i>,  (1979), 192-199.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000047&pid=S0034-7426201100010000700013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->

    <!-- ref --><p>
[14] C. Pommerenke, `Uniformly perfect sets and fuchsian groups´, <i>Analysis</i> <i>4</i>,  (1984), 299-321.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000049&pid=S0034-7426201100010000700014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->

    <!-- ref --><p>
[15] J. Wirths, Verallgemeinerungen eines Maximumprinzips, `Bonner Math. Schriften´, (1971), Vol. 51, Univ. Bonn, p. 1-61.
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000051&pid=S0034-7426201100010000700015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref -->

    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center>
<b>(Recibido en diciembre de 2010. Aceptado en marzo de 2011)</b>
</center>
<hr size="1">

    <p>
Este art&iacute;culo se puede citar en <i>LaTeX</i> utilizando la siguiente referencia bibliogr&aacute;fica de <i>BibTeX</i>:
</p>
<code><font size="2" face="verdana">
@ARTICLE{RCMv45n1a07,    <br>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; AUTHOR &nbsp;= {Arbel&aacute;ez, Hugo and Mej&iacute;a, Diego},    <br>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TITLE &nbsp; = {{On Spherical Invariance}},    <br>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JOURNAL = {Revista Colombiana de Matem&aacute;ticas},    <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; YEAR &nbsp;&nbsp; = {2011},    <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; volume &nbsp;= {45},    <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; number &nbsp;= {1},    <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pages &nbsp; = {97-112}    <br>
}
</font></code>

<hr size="1">
</font>
    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beardon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pommerenke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[`The Poincaré Metric of Plane Domains´]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. London Math. Soc.]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>475-483</page-range></nlm-citation>
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<source><![CDATA[Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup.]]></source>
<year>1941</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>179-259</page-range></nlm-citation>
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<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
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<source><![CDATA[Univalent Functions]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
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<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
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<year>1964</year>
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