<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7450</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.colomb.psiquiatr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7450</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74502022000200133</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.10167j.rcp.2020.10.003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Correlación entre el desempeño cognitivo y la neuroanatomía estructural en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar tipo I tratados con y sin litio]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Correlation Between Cognitive Performance and Structural Neuroanatomy in Patients with Type I Bipolar Affective Disorder Treated with and Without Lithium]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas Upeguí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata Ospina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre Acevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Psiquiatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Grupo de Investigación del Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica (IATM) Ayudas Diagnósticas SURA ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>133</fpage>
<lpage>145</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74502022000200133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74502022000200133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74502022000200133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción: El tratamiento del trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB) con litio se ha relacionado con menos deterioro cognitivo y menores cambios en la anatomía estructural cerebral comparado con otros tratamientos. Sin embargo, los estudios son heterogéneos y son pocos los que evalúan si estos efectos están relacionados. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar y relacionar el desempeno cognitivo y la neuroanatomía estructural en pacientes tratados con y sin litio.  Métodos: Estudio de corte trasversal que incluyó a 48 sujetos con TAB I: 22 tratados con litio y 26 sin litio. Se evaluó el desempeno en las pruebas neuropsicológicas Wechsler III (WAIS III), TMTAyB   (Trial Making Test), prueba de aprendizaje verbal de California (TAVEC), prueba de Figura compleja de Rey y prueba de clasificación de tarjetas de Wisconsin. Se evaluaron estructuras cerebrales obtenidas por resonancia magnétiva (RM) cerebral. Se calculó la diferencia de medias estandarizada (DME) entre ambos grupos, con ajuste por variables de confusión mediante puntuación de propensión, y se empleó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (p) para evaluar la relación existente entre el desempeno cognitivo y las regiones neuroanatómicas.  Resultados: Respecto al grupo sin litio, el grupo con litio tuvo menos errores perseverativos en el Wisconsin (DME = -0,69) y mayores áreas corticales derecha e izquierda (DME = 0,85 y DME = 0,92); mayor superficie en el cíngulo anterior izquierdo (DME = 1,32), la corteza orbi-tofrontal medial derecha (DME = 1,17), el giro frontal superior derecho (DME = 0,82), los giros precentrales derecho e izquierdo (DME = 1,33 y DME = 0,98); mayor volumen de la amígdala derecha (DME = 0,57), el hipocampo derecho (DME = 0,66), el putamen derecho (DME = 0,87) y el tálamo derecho (DME = 0,67). En el grupo con litio, se encontró una correlación con dichos errores y el espesor del giro precentral izquierdo (p = -0,78), el volumen del tálamo derecho (p = -0,44) y la amígdala derecha (p = 0,6).  Conclusiones: El grupo con litio tuvo mejor flexibilidad cognitiva y mayor dimensión en algunas regiones corticales frontales y subcorticales. Además, hubo correlación moderada a alta entre el desempeno en esta función ejecutiva y el espesor del giro precentral derecho, y los volúmenes del tálamo y la amígdala derecha. Estos hallazgos podrían indicar un efecto neuroprotector del litio]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Lithium treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with less impairment and fewer changes in structural brain anatomy compared to other treatments. However, the studies are heterogeneous and few assess whether these effects are related. The objective of this study was to evaluate and relate cognitive performance and structural neuroanatomy in patients treated with and without lithium.  Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 48 subjects with BD-I, of which 22 were treated with lithium and 26 without lithium. Performance was assessed on Wechsler III (WAIS III), TMT A and B (Trial Making Test) neuropsychological tests, California verbal learning test (CVLT), Rey complex figure test and Wisconsin card sorting test. Brain structures obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated. The standardised mean difference (SMD) between both groups was calculated, adjusted for confounding variables using a propen-sity score, and the Spearman correlation coefficient (p) was used to assess the relationship between cognitive performance and neuroanatomical regions.  Results:  Compared to the group without lithium, the group with lithium had fewer perse-verative errors in the Wisconsin test (SMD = -0.69) and greater left and right cortical areas (SMD = 0.85; SMD = 0.92); greater surface area in the left anterior cingulate (SMD = 1.32), right medial orbitofrontal cortex (SMD = 1.17), right superior frontal gyrus (SMD = 0.82), and right and left precentral gyrus (SMD = 1.33; SMD = 0.98); greater volume of the right amyg-dala (SMD = 0.57), right hippocampus (SMD = 0.66), right putamen (SMD = 0.87) and right thalamus (SMD=.67). In the lithium group, a correlation was found with these errors and the thickness of the left precentral gyrus (p = -0.78), the volume of the right thalamus (p =-0.44), and the right amygdala (p = 0.6).  Conclusions:  Thelithium group had better cognitive flexibility and greater dimension in some frontal and subcortical cortical regions. Furthermore, there was a moderate to high correlation between performance in this executive function and the thickness of the right precentral gyrus, and the volumes of the thalamus and the right amygdala. These findings could suggest a neuroprotective effect of lithium.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trastorno afectivo bipolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Litio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cognición]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pruebas neuropsicológicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Función ejecutiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neuroanatomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bipolar disorder cognitive]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lithium]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cognition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neuropsychological tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Executive function]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neuroanatomy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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