<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0034-7450</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.colomb.psiquiatr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0034-7450</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0034-74502024000200184</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.rcp.2022.03.005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome de Activación en Niños y Adolescentes Tratados con Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Activation Syndrome in Children and Adolescents Treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulzara Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ospina Pinillos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>184</fpage>
<lpage>191</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0034-74502024000200184&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0034-74502024000200184&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0034-74502024000200184&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción y objetivos:  Los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) son medicamentos que se usan en psiquiatría de niños y adolescentes principalmente para el tratamiento de depresión, ansiedad y trastorno obsesivo compulsivo. En general, estos medicamentos son seguros y se toleran bien, pero pueden producir efectos adversos como el síndrome de activación, que si no se identifica puede afectar negativamente a la adherencia y la respuesta al tratamiento. El síndrome de activación ha recibido poca atención y existen dificultades en su reconocimiento por la falta de una definición clara y de medidas de diagnóstico objetivas y porque, además, puede confundirse con un empeoramiento del trastorno psiquiátrico de base o un viraje a manía con antidepresivos. Por todo lo anterior, es importante que los profesionales que prescriben antidepresivos a población pediátrica puedan identificar y tratar el síndrome de activación cuando se presente. El objetivo de este artículo es desarrollar una revisión narrativa del síndrome de activación en niños y adolescentes tratados con ISRS en cuanto a su definición, prevalencia, fisiopatología, factores asociados, relación con el riesgo de suicidio, las estrategias de tratamiento y las recomendaciones para la reducción del riesgo de conductas suicidas al usar antidepresivos en esta población.  Métodos:  Se realizó una revisión narrativa no sistemática del síndrome de activación en niños y adolescentes, la cual involucró la búsqueda de información en PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, ProQuest y EMBASE. Se seleccionaron artículos de revisión, investigaciones prospectivas, retrospectivas, revisiones sistemáticas, metanálisis y demás artículos sobre el síndrome de activación en niños y adolescentes. La búsqueda se limitó a los estudios publicados en inglés y español que involucraran a niños y adolescentes y no se aplicaron límites en cuanto a la fecha de publicación o diseño del estudio.  Resultados:  Se incluyeron un total de 62 artículos, 61 de ellos en inglés. Los resultados se agruparon en los siguientes temas: definición, prevalencia, fisiopatología, factores asociados, su relación con el riesgo de suicidio, estrategias de tratamiento y recomendaciones para la reducción del riesgo de conductas suicidas al usar antidepresivos en esta población. Se encontró que el síndrome de activación hace referencia a un conjunto de síntomas consistentes en impulsividad, inquietud, aumento de la actividad, insomnio, irritabilidad, desinhibición y agitación. Hasta el momento, este síndrome está mal caracterizado en cuanto a definición, prevalencia, factores de riesgo y fisiopatología, situación que limita su reconocimiento y evaluación. Existen factores que pueden predisponer a la aparición del síndrome, como la edad, las diferencias de desarrollo cerebral en la población pediátrica, las características del paciente o del antidepresivo, los trastornos del desarrollo neurológico y las dosis y concentraciones plasmáticas de los medicamentos. Se ha considerado que el síndrome de activación puede estar relacionado con tendencias suicidas; no obstante, la evidencia que respalda dicho vínculo es contradictoria, por lo cual son necesarios más estudios.  Conclusiones:  El síndrome de activación con ISRS representa un efecto adverso particularmente importante en niños y adolescentes, y cuando se presenta puede causar la falta de adherencia o la suspensión del tratamiento, por lo cual se recomienda una vigilancia estricta durante el uso de estos medicamentos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction and objectives:  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are medications used in child and adolescent psychiatry mainly for the treatment of depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In general, these medications are safe and well tolerated. However, they can cause adverse effects such as activation syndrome, which if not identified can negatively affect adherence and response to treatment. Activation syndrome has received little attention and can be difficult to recognize due to the lack of a clear definition and objective diagnostic measures, and also because it can be confused with a worsening of the psychiatric disorder or mania triggered by the antidepressants. For all the above, it is important that professionals who prescribe antidepressants in the pediatric population are able to identify and manage activation syndrome when it occurs. Our aim was to carry out a narrative review of activation syndrome in children and adolescents treated with SSRIs in terms of definition, prevalence, pathophysiology, associated factors, relationship with suicide risk, management strategies and recommendations for reducing the risk of suicidal behaviors when using antidepressants in this population.  Methods:  We performed a non-systematic narrative review of activation syndrome in children and adolescents which involved finding information in PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, Pro-Quest and Embase. Review articles, prospective and retrospective investigations, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and other articles related to activation syndrome in children and adolescents were selected. The search was limited to studies published in English and Spanish that involved children and adolescents and no limits were applied to the publication date or study design.  Results:  A total of 62 articles were included, 61 of them in English. The results were grouped into the following topics: definition; prevalence; pathophysiology; associated factors; relationship with suicide risk; management strategies; and recommendations for reducing the risk of suicidal behaviors when using antidepressants in this population. Activation syndrome refers to a set of symptoms consisting of impulsiveness, restlessness, increased activity, insomnia, irritability, disinhibition and agitation. This syndrome is poorly characterized in terms of its definition, prevalence, risk factors and pathophysiology, a situation that limits its recognition and evaluation. There are many factors that predispose the development of the syndrome such as age, differences in brain development in the pediatric population, the characteristics of the patient or the antidepressant, disorders of neurological development, and the doses and plasma levels of the medications. It has been thought that activation syndrome may be related to suicidal tendencies. However, the evidence in support of this link is inconsistent and further studies are therefore necessary.  Conclusions:  Activation syndrome with SSRI is a particularly important adverse effect in children and adolescents and, when it occurs, can cause lack of adherence to or discontinuation of treatment. Strict vigilance is therefore recommended during the use of these medications.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Activación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Antidepresivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ISRS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Eventos adversos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Niños y adolescentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Activation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antidepressants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SSRI]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adverse events]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Children and adolescents]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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