<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0011</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.fac.med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0011</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-00112016000300517</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/revfacmed.v64n3.55059</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[One hundred years after the expedition by Harvard University to Peru to investigate Carrion's disease. Lessons for science]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cien años de la expedición de Harvard a Perú para investigar la enfermedad de Carrión. Lecciones para la ciencia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Faculty of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lima ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>517</fpage>
<lpage>524</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-00112016000300517&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-00112016000300517&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-00112016000300517&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In 1913, around 100 years ago, the Harvard University sent an expedition to Peru, led by Richard Strong, to investigate Carrion's disease. This paper provides a critical review of the scientific research carried out in this expedition. Richard Strong was a physician who performed unethical human experimentation in the Philippines and China. In Peru, Strong conducted experiments on humans to inoculate wart secretions to a psychiatric patient, which led him to replicate the Peruvian wart in this individual, although he could not replicate Oroya fever. Based on this experiment, and without taking into account epidemiological and clinical evidence, the Harvard expedition erroneously concluded that Oroya fever and Peruvian wart were two different diseases. A retrospective review of the scientific work conducted by the expedition in Peru allows drawing the following lessons for science: a) disapproving unethical human experimentation conducted by the expedition; b) to determine the cause of infectious diseases, it is necessary to obtain the best scientific, experimental and observational evidence, and c) to acknowledge that, despite the poor infrastructure, researchers in developing countries are able to produce high-quality scientific knowledge that may surpass the knowledge generated by researchers in developed countries.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Hace poco se cumplieron 100 años de la expedición de la Universidad de Harvard a Perú, liderada por Richard Strong, para investigar la enfermedad de Carrion. El presente estudio realizó una revisión crítica de la investigación científica de dicha expedición. Richard Strong era un médico con antecedentes relacionados con la realización de experimentaciones humanas antiéticas en Filipinas y China. En Perú, Strong realizó experimentación humana al inocular secreciones de verruga en un paciente psiquiátrico, logrando reproducir en este la verruga peruana, pero no la fiebre de la Oroya; con base en este experimento, y sin considerar la evidencia epidemiológica y clínica, la expedición de Harvard concluyó erróneamente que la fiebre de la Oroya y la verruga peruana eran dos enfermedades diferentes. Una visión retrospectiva de la labor científica de la expedición de Harvard en Perú lleva a extraer las siguientes lecciones para la ciencia: a) se debe condenar la antiética experimentación humana realizada por la expedición de Harvard; b) es necesario obtener la mejor evidencia científica, experimental y observacional en la causalidad de las enfermedades infecciosas, y c) es necesario reconocer que en países subdesarrollados se puede generar conocimiento científico de alta calidad y que, pese a la escasa infraestructura, puede ser mejor al de los países desarrollados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Carrion's Disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bartonella Infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oroya Fever]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bioethics (MeSH).]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad de Carrion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infecciones por Bartonella]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fiebre de Oroya]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Verruga Peruana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bioética (DeCS).]]></kwd>
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