<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0011</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.fac.med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0011</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-00112023000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/revfacmed.v71n1.98079</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Distribution and frequency of potential mutations associated with rifampicin resistance in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected using a molecular automated method]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Distribución y frecuencia de potenciales mutaciones asociadas con la resistencia a rifampicina en el gen rpoB de Mycobacterium tuberculosis detectadas mediante un método molecular automatizado]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adrián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tatiana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ospina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sigifredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital San Vicente Fundación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia School of Microbiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Faculty of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-00112023000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-00112023000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-00112023000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Tuberculosis continues to be a public health problem that is now aggravated by drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. More than 95% of rifampicin (RIF)-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis have mutations in a region of the rpoB gene. Xpert&#8482; MTB/RIF is a molecular biology system that allows identifying mutations in the RIF-resistance determining region of this gen using 5 probes (A, B, C, D, E) that make up the rpoB gene sequences.  Objective: To describe the distribution and frequency of potential mutations associated with RIF resistance in the rpoB gene of M. tuberculosis detected in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples using the Xpert® MTB/RIF method.  Materials and methods: Retrospective study in which 66 samples positive for RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis, processed using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF system between January 2011 and July 2019 at a university hospital in Medellín, Colombia, were analyzed. According to the Dx System software of the GenXpert instrument, a potential mutation and RIF resistance were established if the probes did not bind to their natural complementary beacon or if there was a delay in binding (delta CT&gt;4) in relation the other probes due to the presence of an abnormal beacon. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.  Results: Of the 66 samples (48 pulmonary and 18 extrapulmonary), 63.64% were from men and participants' mean age was 39.60 ± 17.69 years. The frequency and distribution of mutations was as follows: probe E: 38 mutations (57.58%), B: 16 mutations (24.24%), D: 8 mutations (12.12%), A: 3 mutations (4.54%) and D&amp;E: 1 mutation (1.52%). No mutation was detected in probe C.  Conclusions: Mutations associated with RIF resistance in the rpoB gene of M. tuberculosis detected by the Xpert® MTB/RIF method were mainly found in probe E (codons 529-533). On the other hand, no mutation was detected in probe C.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción. La tuberculosis continúa siendo un problema de salud pública agravado por la resistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis a los fármacos. Más del 95% de cepas de M. tuberculosis resistentes a rifampicina (RIF) poseen mutaciones en una región del gen rpoB. Xpert® MTB/RIF es un sistema de biología molecular que, mediante 5 sondas (A, B, C, D, E) que conforman las secuencias del gen rpoB, permite identificar mutaciones en la región determinante de resistencia a la RIF de este gen.  Objetivo. Describir la distribución y frecuencia de potenciales mutaciones asociadas con la resistencia a RIF en el gen rpoB de M. tuberculosis detectadas en muestras pulmonares y extrapulmonares usando el método Xpert® MTB/RIF.  Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo. Se analizaron 66 muestras positivas para M. tuberculosis resistente a RIF procesadas por el sistema GeneXpert MTB/RIF entre enero de 2011 y julio de 2019 en un hospital universitario de Medellín, Colombia. De acuerdo con el software Dx System del instrumento GenXpert, se determinó que había una potencial mutación y resistencia a RIF si las sondas no se unían a su secuencia complementaria natural o si se presentaba un atraso en la unión (delta CT &gt;4) en relación con las otras sondas por presencia de una secuencia anormal. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva.  Resultados. De las 66 muestras (48 pulmonares y 18 extrapulmonares), el 63.64% eran de hombres y la edad media de los participantes fue 39.60±17.69 años. La frecuencia y distribución de mutaciones fue la siguiente: sonda E: 38 mutaciones (57.58%), sonda B: 16 (24.24%), sonda D: 8 (12.12%), sonda A: 3 (4.54%) y la combinación de las sondas D&amp;E: 1 (1.52%). No se detectó ninguna mutación en la sonda C.  Conclusiones. Las mutaciones asociadas a la resistencia a RIF en el gen rpoB de M. tuberculosis detectadas por el método Xpert® MTB/RIF se encontraron principalmente en la sonda E (codones 529-533). Por el contrario, en la sonda C no se no se detectó ninguna mutación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mutation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Polymerase Chain Reaction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rifampicin (MeSH)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mutación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reacción en cadena de la Polimerasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tuberculosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rifampicina (DeCS)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization (WHO)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Global tuberculosis report 2021]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Epidemiológico Semanal. Semana epidemiológica 11: 10 al 16 de marzo de 2019]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe del Evento: Tuberculosis Farmacorresistente. Colombia 2018]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramaswamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular genetic basis of antimicrobial agent resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 1998 update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tuber Lung Dis]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adikaram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijesundera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geographical profile of rpoB gene mutations in rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Sri Lanka]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microb Drug Resist]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>525-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization (WHO)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Policy Statement: Automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB/ RIF system]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Froman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grosset]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hauduroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langerova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mycobacteria: laboratory methods for testing drug sensitivity and resistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bull World Health Organ]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>565-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ospina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and sensitivity to rifampicin with an automated real-time method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
<page-range>78-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Medical Association (WMA)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Fortaleza ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[64th WMA General Assembly]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Colombia. Ministerio de Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Resolución 8430 de 1993 (octubre 4): Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesfin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hailemariam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biadglign]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kibret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between HIV/AIDS and Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Global Laboratory Initiative (GLI)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Planning for country transition to Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra cartridges]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[GLI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chonde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mfinanga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Range]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lwilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[National anti-tuberculosis drug resistance study in Tanzania]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Tuberc Lung Dis]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>967-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Udoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emanghe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiku]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Offor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of rifampicin resistance and 81-bp rifampicin resistant determinant region of rpoB gene mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected with XpertMTB/Rif in Cross River State, Nigeria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mycobacteriol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>S145-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rifampicin resistance mutations in the 81 bp RRDR of rpoB gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates using Xpert MTB/RIF in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a retrospective study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>413</numero>
<issue>413</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mboowa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Namaganda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ssengooba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rifampicin resistance mutations in the 81 bp RRDR of rpoB gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates using Xpert®MTB/RIF in Kampala, Uganda: a retrospective study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>481</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Soolingen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictive value of molecular drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Valle del Cauca, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>2220-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llerena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Description of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid detected by GenoType® MTBDR plus V.2 in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>28-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zenteno-Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zenteno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuellar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riviera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mutations in rpoB and katG genes in Mycobacterium isolates from the Southeast of Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>468-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asencios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galarza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quispe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prueba molecular genotype® MTBDRplus, una alternativa para la detección rápida de tuberculosis multidrogorresistente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>92-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tognarelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leiva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sccapatticio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detección de mutaciones asociadas a cepas multidrogo resistente de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Chile]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>467-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alemu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tadesse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mollalign]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eshetu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does Xpert® MTB/RIF assay give rifampicin resistance results without identified mutation? Review of cases from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez-Uria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular Epidemiology of Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using the GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay from a Rural Setting in India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pathog]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>2017</volume>
<numero>6738095</numero>
<issue>6738095</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chikaonda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ketseoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguluwe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krysiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thengolose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nyakwawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular characterisation of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Malawi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Afr J Lab Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>463</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MKM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ather]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SMM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Distribution and Frequency of rpoB Mutations Detected by Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Among Beijing and Non-Beijing Rifampicin Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Bangladesh]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infect Drug Resist]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>789-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mathys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van de Vyvere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Droogh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soetaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groenen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[False-positive rifampicin resistance on Xpert® MTB/RIF caused by a silent mutation in the rpoB gene]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Tuberc Lung Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1255-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bower]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaughan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical failures associated with rpoB mutations in phenotypically occult multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Tuberc Lung Dis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>216-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somoskovi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deggim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloemberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnostic Implications of Inconsistent Results Obtained with the Xpert MTB/Rif Assay in Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates with an rpoB Mutation Associated with Low-Level Rifampin Resistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>3127-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rufai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prajapati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balooni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF with Line Probe Assay for Detection of Rifampin-Monoresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1846-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
