<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0011</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[rev.fac.med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0011</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-00112024000100004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/revfacmed.v72n1.106986</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mastoid foramen: morphometric study in dry skulls of Colombian population]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Foramen mastoideo: estudio morfométrico en cráneos secos de población colombiana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duque-Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Vallejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhony Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño-Garzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Manizales ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-00112024000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-00112024000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-00112024000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction The mastoid foramen is an anatomically inconstant opening that transmits the mastoid emissary vein. It is located either near the occipitomastoid suture or at the posterior margin of the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Knowledge of the anatomic and morphologic variations of this foramen is essential to prevent complications during surgical procedures.  Objective To describe the anatomical and morphometric characteristics of the mastoid foramen in a sample of skulls of Colombian population.  Materials and methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 103 dry skulls (206 hemiskulls) of adults (35-55 years old) owned by the human skeletal repositories of three universities in Manizales, Colombia. The mastoid part of the temporal bone and the occipitomastoid suture were observed macroscopically to determine the prevalence and number of mastoid foramina. The morphometric characteristics of the foramina were determined using a digital caliper and each foramen was probed using 0.35mm diameter nylon. In addition, a 100mL syringe was used to filter water through the foramina in order to verify the intracranial connection of each foramen.  Results The prevalence of mastoid foramen was 94.17% (right half: 95.15%; left half: 93.20%). Moreover, 10.82%, 42.78% and 37.63% of the left and right skull halves had three, two, and one foramen, respectively. Most of the foramina (55.87%) communicated with the groove for sigmoid sinus.  Conclusions In the Colombian population, the mastoid foramen is variable in size, may be absent or have one or more foramina in each skull half, and usually communicates with the groove for sigmoid sinus, although it may communicate with other parts of the endocranium.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción El foramen mastoideo es un detalle morfológico inconstante localizado cerca de la sutura occipitomastoidea o en el margen posterior del proceso mastoides del hueso temporal que transmite la vena emisaria mastoidea. El conocimiento de las variaciones anatómicas y morfológicas de este foramen es fundamental para prevenir complicaciones en procedimientos quirúrgicos.  Objetivo Describir las características anatómicas y morfométricas del foramen mastoideo en una muestra de cráneos de población colombiana.  Materiales y métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 103 cráneos secos (206 hemicráneos) de adultos (35-55 años), pertenecientes a las osteotecas de tres universidades de Manizales, Colombia. Se observaron macroscópicamente la porción mastoidea y la sutura occipitomastoidea para determinar la prevalencia y el número de forámenes mastoideos. Las características morfométricas de los forámenes se determinaron utilizando un calibrador digital y cada foramen se sondeó con nailon de 0.35mm de diámetro. Además, se utilizó una jeringa de 100mL de capacidad para filtrar agua a través de los forámenes con el fin de verificar la conexión intracraneal de cada foramen.  Resultados La prevalencia del foramen mastoideo fue 94.17% (lado derecho: 95.15%; lado izquierdo: 93.20%). Además, 10.82%, 42.78% y 37.63% de los hemicráneos tenía tres, dos y un foramen, respectivamente. La mayoría de los forámenes (55.87%) se comunicó con el surco del seno sigmoideo.  Conclusiones En población colombiana, el foramen mastoideo es de tamaño variable; puede estar ausente o haber uno o más forámenes en cada hemicráneo, y suele comunicarse con el surco del seno sigmoideo, aunque puede comunicarse con otras partes del endocráneo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mastoid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anatomy, Comparative]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence (MeSH)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Proceso mastoides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anatomía comparada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia (DeCS)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hampl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kachlik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kikalova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riemer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mastoid foramen, mastoid emissary vein and clinical implications in neurosurgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Neurochir (Wien)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>160</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1473-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mastoid emissary vein: anatomy and clinical relevance in plastic &amp; reconstructive surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>775-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical applications of the mastoid emissary vein]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Radiol Anat]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>55-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pekçevik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Öztürk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pekçevik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Güçlü-Aslan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Çukurova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[&#304;]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mastoid Emissary Vein Canal Incidence and Its Relationship with Jugular Bulb and Sigmoid Sulcus Anatomical Variations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>244-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GAM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PTC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AMPV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozzobon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study of landmarks in dried skulls in a Brazil population]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Morphol Sci]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>94-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yurdabakan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okumu&#351;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ö]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The morphometric analysis of mastoid foramen and mastoid emissary canal on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Radiol Anat]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>303-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VCS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PHF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botacin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emissary foramens of the human skull: anatomical characteristics and its relations with clinical neurosurgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Morphol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>287-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turgut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sevim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The incidence and localization of mastoid foramen and superficial parietomastoid canal and their relations with each other]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kaibogaku Zashi]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>223-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Louis Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loukas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wartmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tubbs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apaydin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical anatomy of the mastoid and occipital emissary veins in a large series]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surg Radiol Anat]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>139-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koesling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kunkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vascular anomalies, sutures and small canals of the temporal bone on axial CT]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Radiol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>335-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo-de León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Avalos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theriot-Girón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Garza-Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elizondo-Omaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia y Características Morfométricas del Foramen Mastoideo y Vena Emisaria Mastoidea en Población Mexicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Morphol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>395-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
