<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0283</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín de Geología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. geol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0283</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-02832019000300127</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18273/revbol.v41n3-2019006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Implicaciones socio-ambientales de la explotación artesanal de áridos en el municipio de Sumbe, Cuanza Sul, Angola]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Socio-environmental implications of the artisanal exploitation of aggregates in the municipality of Sumbe, Cuanza Sul, Angola]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cacilda-André]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Januário]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lastra-Rivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior de Ciências de Educação do Cuanza Sul  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[República de Angola ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Pinar del Río, Pinar del Río  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>127</fpage>
<lpage>143</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-02832019000300127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-02832019000300127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-02832019000300127&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La minería artesanal y a pequeña escala en el municipio de Sumbe, provincia Cuanza Sul, Angola, se ha practicado durante los últimos 20 años, por muchas familias necesitadas de sustento económico y de materiales para construir sus viviendas, provocando daños al medio ambiente de diversa magnitud. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y evaluar los impactos ambientales que se producen por las explotaciones de áridos mediante la minería artesanal y a pequeña escala en este territorio, con énfasis en la detección de los principales problemas socio-ambientales generados por estas actividades mineras y la necesidad de establecer un marco regulatorio basado en la explotación sostenible de estos recursos mediante una estrategia de ordenamiento ambiental. Para ello se aplicaron métodos de campo, instrumentos de encuesta-entrevista, y métodos para la identificación, caracterización y evaluación de los impactos ambientales. Los resultados obtenidos permiten esclarecer las implicaciones que estas actividades mineras tienen sobre el desarrollo socio-económico sostenible, además de denunciar el uso indiscriminado de mujeres y niños, todo ello estimulado por la alta demanda de los materiales extraídos para construcciones civiles y los beneficios económicos que reportan con inmediatez. La anarquía e irracionalidad derivada de estas acciones provocan impactos ambientales moderados e inestabilidad de los componentes ambientales. Entre las medidas que se proponen para el ordenamiento ambiental de este tipo de actividad minera se consideran: a) la creación de cooperativas; b) el establecimiento de normas que regulen el otorgamiento de concesiones mineras artesanales, con eliminación de la explotación de la población femenina e infantil; c) la aplicación de programas de educación ambiental a la población; d) la elaboración de instrumentos de control para las explotaciones de áridos; e) la implementación de normativas en las que se declaren las responsabilidades individuales y colectivas para la restauración del medio ambiente dentro de un marco legal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Artisanal and small-scale mining in the municipality of Sumbe, Cuanza Sul province, Angola, has been practiced for the past 20 years, by many families in need of economic support and materials to build their homes, causing damage to the environment of diverse magnitude. The objective of this research is to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts produced by arid exploitations through artisanal and small-scale mining in this territory, with emphasis on the detection of the main socio-environmental problems generated by these mining activities and the need to establish a regulatory framework based on the sustainable exploitation of these resources through an environmental management strategy. For this, field methods, survey-interview instruments and methods for the identification, characterization and evaluation of environmental impacts were applied. The results obtained allow to clarify the implications that these mining activities have on sustainable socio-economic development, as well as to denounce the indiscriminate use of women and children, all stimulated by the high demand of extracted materials for civil constructions and the economic benefits that they report immediately. The anarchy and irrationality derived from these actions cause moderate environmental impacts and instability of environmental components. Among the measures that are proposed for the environmental ordering of this type of mining activity are considered: a) the creation of cooperatives; b) the establishment of norms that regulate the granting of artisanal mining concessions, with the elimination of the exploitation of the female and child population; c) the application of environmental education programs to the population; d) the development of control instruments for arids mining; e) the implementation of regulations that declare individual and collective responsibilities for the restoration of the environment within a legal framework.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[áridos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[impacto ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[minería artesanal y a pequeña escala]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo sostenible]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ordenamiento ambiental.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[arids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental impact]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[artisanal and small-scale mining]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sustainable development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental ordering.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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