<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0283</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín de Geología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. geol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0283</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-02832023000300137</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18273/revbol.v45n3-2023008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelado sísmico usando la ecuación de onda fraccionaria, difusiva-propagatoria para el estudio de medios anelásticos: aplicación a trampas petrolíferas y datos VSP]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Seismic modeling using the fractional, diffusive-propagatory wave equation for the study of anelastic media: application to oil traps and VSP data]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera-Zambrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval-Flórez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rómulo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leidy Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piedrahita-Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Pamplona Grupo de Investigación en Geofísica y Geología - PANGEA ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pamplona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Medellín Facultad de Ciencias Básicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Pamplona Departamento de Física y Geología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pamplona ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>137</fpage>
<lpage>150</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-02832023000300137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-02832023000300137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-02832023000300137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Para la exploración sísmica en la búsqueda de hidrocarburos es importante obtener imágenes del subsuelo con una buena resolución espacial. Las imágenes de las estructuras ubicadas bajo zonas con saturación de gas son por lo general de baja calidad, ya que las ondas sísmicas se atenúan (pierden energía) al propagarse por estos medios. En este trabajo se propone un método de modelado sísmico basado en ecuaciones diferenciales fraccionarias: ecuación difusión-onda, que interpola dos fenómenos físicos: la difusión y la propagación. Esta ecuación se estudia tanto en el dominio temporal como en el dominio de la frecuencia, con el fin de observar su comportamiento en amplitud y fase, cuando la onda se propaga en diferentes materiales anelásticos, con diferentes valores del factor de calidad Q (factor inverso a la atenuación). La ecuación con derivada temporal de orden fraccionario se soluciona numéricamente utilizando un esquema en diferencias finitas, donde se estableció una expresión matemática del criterio de estabilidad y convergencia del método. Se modeló la propagación de las ondas en estructuras con trampas de hidrocarburos donde existe saturación de gas. Además, se comparó una adquisición VSP (perfil sísmico vertical)-cero offset real, en la cual se ubica la fuente en la superficie con los receptores dentro del pozo con los datos obtenidos de la simulación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Obtaining subsurface images with quality spatial resolution is essential for seismic exploration in the search for hydrocarbons. However, the images of the structures located under areas with gas saturation are generally of low quality since the seismic waves are attenuated (lose energy) when propagated by these media. This paper proposes a seismic modeling method based on fractional differential equations: The diffusion-wave equation, which interpolates two physical phenomena, diffusion, and propagation. This equation is studied both in the time domain and frequency domain to observe its amplitude and phase behaviour when the wave propagates in different anelastic materials with different quality factor Q (inverse factor to the attenuation) values. The equation with the time derivative of fractional order is solved numerically using a finite difference scheme, where the mathematical expression of the stability and convergence criteria of the method was established. Wave propagation was modelled in structures with hydrocarbon traps with gas saturation. In addition, a real VSP (Vertical seismic profile) Zero-offset acquisition in which the source is located on the surface and the receivers inside the well was compared with the data obtained from the simulation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Derivada fraccionaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Factor de calidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trampas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Medios anelásticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fenómenos de propagación y difusivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Modelling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fractional derivative]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Quality factor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oil traps]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anelastic media]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diffusive and propagative phenomenon]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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