<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0283</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín de Geología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. geol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0283</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-02832024000200031</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18273/revbol.v46n2-2024002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Eventos anómalos de resistividad aparente del 2018 al 2021 y su posible asociación con la actividad sísmica del Nido de Bucaramanga, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Anomalous apparent resistivity events from 2018 to 2021 and their possible association with the seismic activity of the Bucaramanga Seismic Nest, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alba-Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nathaly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-02832024000200031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-02832024000200031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-02832024000200031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Tres estaciones magnetotelúricas, ubicadas sobre la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia y pertenecientes a la Red Geofísica de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (TUNJ, USME y VCIO), han sido utilizadas para detectar anomalías espaciales y temporales de la resistividad aparente a una profundidad superior a 200 km, en el período abril de 2018 hasta junio de 2021. A partir de este monitoreo se observó que existen anomalías transitorias horas antes de la crisis sísmica del 23 de abril de 2018 en el Nido Sísmico de Bucaramanga (NSB). Dentro de los principales hallazgos de este trabajo, se pudo identificar una posible asociación entre anomalías de resistividad aparente previas o durante cuatro eventos sísmicos con 3,3 &#8804; Mw &lt; 4,3 a una profundidad de 115 &#8804; H &lt; 154 km el 23 de abril de 2018. La asociación entre anomalías de resistividad y eventos sísmicos se explica por otros autores como un proceso de migración de fluidos, el cual genera presión de poro que supera el esfuerzo efectivo y provoca el fracturamiento dentro del NSB.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Three magnetotelluric stations located on the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and belonging to the Geophysical Network of the National University of Colombia (TUNJ, USME, and VCIO) have been used to detect spatial and temporal anomalies in apparent resistivity to depths exceeding 200 km, in the period from April 2018 to June 2021. From this monitoring, it was observed that transient anomalies took place hours before the seismic crisis of April 23, 2018, in the Bucaramanga Seismic Nest (BSN). Among the main findings of this work, it was possible to identify a potential association between apparent resistivity anomalies prior to or during four seismic events with 3,3 &#8804; Mw &lt; 4,3 at a depth of 115 &#8804; H &lt; 154 km on April 23, 2018. The association between resistivity anomalies and seismic events is explained by other authors as a fluid migration process, which generates pore pressure that exceeds effective stress and causes fracturing within the BSN.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Método magnetotelúrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anomalías de resistividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nido Sísmico de Bucaramanga]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sismicidad intermedia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Magnetotelluric method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Resistivity anomalies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bucaramanga Seismic Nest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intermediate seismicity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aizawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takakura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asaue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koike]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshimura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamazaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komatsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Utsugi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inoue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsukamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uyeshima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electrical conductive fluid-rich zones and their influence on the earthquake initiation, growth, and arrest processes: observations from the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence, Kyushu Island, Japan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth, Planets and Space]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azeez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manoj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veeraswamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harinarayana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Co-seismic EM signals in magnetotelluric measurement-a case study during Bhuj earthquake (26th January 2001), India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth, Planets and Space]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>973-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lapenna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siniscalchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stabile]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Telesca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Pollino 2011-2012 seismic swarm (southern Italy): first results of the ML= 3.6 aftershock recorded by co-located electromagnetic and seismic stations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bollettino di Geofisica Teórica ed Applicata]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>203-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colombian sedimentary basins: Nomenclature, boundaries and petroleum geology, a new proposal]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montenegro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stockli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estratigrafía, procedencia, subsidencia y exhumación de las unidades paleógenas en el Sinclinal de Usme, sur de la zona axial de la Cordillera Oriental]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geología Colombiana]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>35</numero>
<issue>35</issue>
<page-range>5-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cagniard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Basic theory of the magneto-telluric method of geophysical prospecting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysics]]></source>
<year>1953</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>605-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chadha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuempel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Search for earthquake precursors in well water levels in a localized seismically active area of reservoir triggered earthquakes in India]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The magnetotelluric method. Theory and Practice]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge Ed]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiarabba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Gori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faccenna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Speranza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seccia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dionicio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subduction system and flat slab beneath the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angelier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current states of stress in the northern Andes as indicated by focal mechanisms of earthquakes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tectonophysics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>403</volume>
<numero>1-4</numero>
<issue>1-4</issue>
<page-range>29-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Two types of changes in apparent resistivity in earthquake prediction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science China Earth Sciences]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>145-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dzierma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabbel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorwart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koulakov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wehrmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoernle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Comte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seismic velocity structure of the slab and continental plate in the region of the 1960 Valdivia (Chile) slip maximum-Insights into fluid release and plate coupling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth and Planetary Science Letters]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>331-332</numero>
<issue>331-332</issue>
<page-range>164-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zlotnicki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[An]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The electromagnetic phenomena before the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Geophysica Sinica]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2887-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[An]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Earthquake-related electric field changes observed in the ionosphere and ground]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Geophysica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>679-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward a unified solid state theory for pre-earthquake signals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Geophysica]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>719-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frohlich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kadinsky-Cade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A reexamination of the Bucaramanga, Colombia, earthquake nest]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1622-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estimación de la variación temporal de resistividades aparentes asociada a la ocurrencia de actividad sísmica en la sabana de Bogotá a partir de registros MT de la estación USME de la RSUNAL]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multicomponent diffusion in silicate melts: SiO2-TiO2-Al2O3- MgO-CaO-Na2O-K2O System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>195</numero>
<issue>195</issue>
<page-range>126-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seismic electric signals (SES) and earthquakes: A review of an updated VAN method and competing hypotheses for SES generation and earthquake triggering]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>302</numero>
<issue>302</issue>
<page-range>106484</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Honkura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[I&#351;ikara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oshiman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Üçer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bari&#351;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[&#350;.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tunçer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsushima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pekta&#351;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Çelik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takahashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakanishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshimura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ikeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preliminary results of multidisciplinary observations before, during and after the Kocaeli (Izmit) earthquake in the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth, Planets and Space]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>293-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Honkura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ujihara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seismic dynamo effects associated with the M7. 1 earthquake of 26 May 2003 off Miyagi Prefecture and the M6. 4 earthquake of 26 July 2003 in northern Miyagi Prefecture, NE Japan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth, Planets and Space]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>109-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Numerical simulation of selectivity of seismic electric signal and its possible influences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chinese Journal of Geophysics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>535-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hattori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electromagnetic Signals Associated With Earthquakes: A Review of Observations, Data Processing, and Mechanisms in China]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grobbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Revil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seismoelectric Exploration: Theory, Experiments, and Applications]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>415-36</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[American Geophysical Union]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyndman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Law]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The origin of electrically conductive lower continental crust: saline water or graphite?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>1-4</numero>
<issue>1-4</issue>
<page-range>325-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karakelian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klemperer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraser-Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultra-low frequency electromagnetic measurements associated with the 1998 Mw 5.1 San Juan Bautista, California earthquake and implications for mechanisms of electromagnetic earthquake precursors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tectonophysics]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>359</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>65-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley and Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment and recognition of pre-and co-seismic electromagnetic signatures from magnetotelluric data: a case study from Koyna-Warna seismoactive region]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[India. Acta Geophysica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagardère]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Earthquake distribution and lithospheric rheology beneath the Northwestern Andes, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geodesy and Geodynamics]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unexpected changes in resistivity monitoring for earthquakes of the Longmen Shan in Sichuan, China, with a fixed Schlumberger sounding array]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>145</volume>
<numero>1-4</numero>
<issue>1-4</issue>
<page-range>87-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matzka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stolle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamazaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bronkalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morschhauser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The geomagnetic Kp index and derived indices of geomagnetic activity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Space Weather]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orihara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamaguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takahashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hattori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uyeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Co-seismic geoelectric potential changes observed in Japan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Research Letters]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1535-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enomoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujinawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayakawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izutsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kushida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oike]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uyeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electromagnetic anomalies associated with 1995 Kobe earthquake]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geodynamics]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4-5</numero>
<issue>4-5</issue>
<page-range>401-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Setayeshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghannadi-Maragheh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akashe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Layered neural networks based analysis of radon concentration and environmental parameters in earthquake prediction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Environmental Radioactivity]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>225-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>NOAA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Forero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koulakov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arifi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lithospheric delamination as the driving mechanism of intermediate-depth seismicity in the Bucaramanga Nest, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific Reports]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>23084</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pommier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Key]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tyburczy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elsenbeck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prediction of silicate melt viscosity from electrical conductivity: A model and its geophysical implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1685-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin-zhong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhi-sheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhiping]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei-guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study on the variation characteristics of the geoelectric field preceding earthquakes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Seismologica Sinica]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>334-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electrokinetic effect combined with surface-charge assumption: a possible generation mechanism of coseismic EM signals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Journal International]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>200</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>837-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seismic evaluation of reinforced-soil segmental retaining walls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geotextiles and Geomembranes]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>604-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Renzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geología del cuadrángulo J-12 Tunja]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Geológico]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>31-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann-Rothe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedrosian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weckmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electrical conductivity images of active and fossil fault zones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geological Society, London, Special Publications]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>245</volume>
<page-range>165-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zúñiga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbo-Camargo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seismoelectromagnetic effects associated with the 2017 February 15 Veracruz earthquake (Mw= 4.8)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Journal International]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>222</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1405-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwarz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electrical conductivity of the Earth's crust and upper mantle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surveys in Geophysics]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>133-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SGC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Geología y memorias de la plancha 266. Servicio Geológico Colombiano]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simpson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Practical magnetotellurics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano-Fino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Correlación entre señales EM y eventos sismológicos de la Sabana de Bogotá y alrededores para establecer la existencia de precursores sísmicos]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano-Fino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caneva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electrical and magnetic data time series' observations as an approach to identify the seismic activity of non-anthropic origin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth Sciences Research Journal]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>297-307</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electrical conductivity of clinopyroxene-NaCl-H2O system at high temperatures and pressures: Implications for high- conductivity anomalies in the deep crust and subduction zone]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syracuse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maceira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ammon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multiple plates subducting beneath Colombia, as illuminated by seismicity and velocity from the joint inversion of seismic and gravity data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Earth and Planetary Science Letters]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>444</volume>
<page-range>139-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taboada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuenzalida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cisternas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philip]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bijwaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geodynamics of the northern Andes: Subductions and intracontinental deformation (Colombia)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tectonics]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>787-813</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tikhonov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination of the electrical characteristics of the deep strata of the Earth's crust]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Doklady Akademii Nauk, SSS]]></source>
<year>1950</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>295-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Subduction geometries in northwestern South America]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinilla-Pachon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Geology of Colombia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>397-422</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Servicio Geológico Colombiano]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briceño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mapa Geotérmico de Colombia, 2009]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XSimposio Bolivariano de Exploración Petrolera en Cuencas Subandinas]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Cartagena, Colombia </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tearing and breaking off of subducted slabs as the result of collision of the Panama Arc-Indenter with northwestern South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>2025-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caneva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gulisano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidencing Fluid Migration of the Crust during the Seismic Swarm by Using 1D Magnetotelluric Monitoring]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Sciences]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>2683</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caneva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Space-Time Variations of the Apparent Resistivity Associated with Seismic Activity by Using 1D-Magnetotelluric (MT) Data in the Central Part of Colombia (South America)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Sciences]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1737</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Do piezoelectric and piezomagnetic sensors like, BaTio2, CoMnF2, CoF2felicitate propagation of electromagnetic signals induced dweue to stress within subsurface of crust and hence display pre-seismic signature?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Materials Today: Proceedings]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>1695-700</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wannamaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caldwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiracek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bibby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fluid and deformation regime of an advancing subduction system at Marlborough, New Zealand]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>460</volume>
<numero>7256</numero>
<issue>7256</issue>
<page-range>733-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarifi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Havskov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanyga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An insight into the Bucaramanga nest]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tectonophysics]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>443</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>93-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electromagnetic Anomalies around Wenchuan Earthquake and Their Relationship with Earthquake Preparation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Environmental Sciences]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>693-701</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Observational evidence of anisotropic changes of apparent resistivity before strong earthquakes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geophysical Journal International]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>210</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1323-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
