<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0283</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín de Geología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. geol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0283</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-02832025000200107</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18273/revbol.v47n2-2025005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Amenazas naturales concatenadas: avenida torrencial del 13 de noviembre de 2020 en el municipio de Dabeiba (Colombia)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Concatenated Natural Hazards: Modeling of the November 13, 2020 Debris Flow in the Municipality of Dabeiba (Antioquia)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aristizábal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Aristizábal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edwin Fabián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo-Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emmanuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata-Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>123</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-02832025000200107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-02832025000200107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-02832025000200107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La noche del 13 de noviembre de 2020, una tormenta intensa en las cuencas de las quebradas El Mohán y El Botón (Dabeiba, Colombia) provocó numerosos deslizamientos que generaron flujos de escombros de alta velocidad con gran poder destructivo. Este artículo presenta una descripción y análisis exhaustivo de los deslizamientos y el evento concatenado de flujo de escombros. El estudio se desarrolló en cuatro etapas. Primero, se caracterizó la morfometría de la cuenca para obtener información sobre las características geomorfológicas que influyen en las respuestas hidrológicas. Luego, se reconstruyó la dinámica del evento hidrometeorológico a partir de datos satelitales y registros meteorológicos. La tercera etapa consistió en trabajo de campo para identificar evidencia física y caracterizar la secuencia de deslizamientos y flujos de escombros. Finalmente, se modeló la generación de sedimentos con TRIGRS, para evaluar la susceptibilidad a deslizamientos, y RUSLE, para estimar la erosión. Además, se utilizó el modelo r.ava.flow para simular la hidrodinámica del flujo y delimitar áreas de inundación. Los resultados incluyen representación cartográfica de la extensión de las inundaciones torrenciales, rutas de tránsito y zonas de depósito, además de la identificación de 175 deslizamientos que afectaron 75,4 hectáreas. La precipitación alcanzó intensidades máximas de 74 mm/h en la cuenca El Mohán, y 52 mm/h en El Botón, por lo que generó inestabilidad generalizada en las laderas. Como consecuencia, los flujos de escombros alcanzaron tasas máximas de descarga de 146 m3/s en El Mohán y 73 m3/s El Botón, lo cual evidencia su impacto hidrológico y geomorfológico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract On the night of November 13, 2020, an intense storm in the basins of the El Mohán and El Botón streams (Dabeiba, Colombia) triggered numerous landslides, which generated high-velocity debris flows with significant destructive power. This article presents a comprehensive description and analysis of the landslides and the concatenated debris flow event. The study was conducted in four stages. First, the morphometry of the basins was characterized to obtain information on the geomorphological features influencing hydrological responses. Then, the dynamics of the hydrometeorological event were reconstructed using satellite data and meteorological records. The third stage involved fieldwork to identify physical evidence and characterize the sequence of landslides and debris flows. Finally, sediment generation was modeled using TRIGRS to assess landslide susceptibility and RUSLE to estimate erosion. Additionally, the r.ava.flow model was used to simulate flow hydrodynamics and delineate flood-prone areas.The results include a cartographic representation of the extent of torrential floods, flow paths, and deposition zones, as well as the identification of 175 landslides that affected 75.4 hectares. Precipitation reached maximum intensities of 74 mm/h in the El Mohán basin and 52 mm/h in the El Botón basin, causing widespread slope instability. As a result, debris flows reached peak discharge rates of 146 m3/s in El Mohán and 73 m3/s in El Botón, underscoring their significant hydrological and geomorphological impact.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Movimientos en masa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Precipitación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Flujo de escombros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Amenazas concatenadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Landslides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rainfall]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Debris flow]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Concatenated hazards]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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