<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0690</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Colom Cienc Pecua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0690</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-06902019000300221</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.rccp.v32n3a07</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of microbial immunostimulants on WSSV infection percentage and the expression of immune-related genes in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de los inmunoestimulantes microbianos en el porcentaje de infección con WSSV y la expresión de genes relacionados con el sistema inmune del camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeito de imunoestimulantes microbianos sobre a porcentagem de infecção por WSSV e a expressão de genes relacionados ao sistema imune em camarões brancos (Litopenaeus vannamei)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fierro-Coronado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caceres-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Píndaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruth Escamilla-]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Ocampo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peraza-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Viridiana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Departamento de Acuacultura Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guasave Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Paz B.C.S.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tepic Nayarit]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>221</fpage>
<lpage>231</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-06902019000300221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-06902019000300221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-06902019000300221&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes high mortalities in aquaculture. The use of immunostimulants increases animal resistance.  Objective: To evaluate the WSSV infection percentage and the immunostimulant effect of lactic acid bacteria and yeast (MI= microbial immunostimulants) on WSSV infected Litopenaeus vannamei.  Methods: A bioassay was performed for 33 d, with treatments in triplicate. The MI was added to the feed at 8.5 mg/kg feed and offered to shrimp (9.9 ± 3.1 g) daily, every 2 days, or every 3 days. Shrimp were infected with WSSV at 9 and 19 days. The expression of four immune system-related genes was studied using qRT-PCR.  Results: No significant differences were observed in growth and survival among treatments. At the end of the bioassay, WSSV infection percentage (low viral load) decreased 8.3 and 25% in treatments III and IV as compared to the control group. Treatments with MI showed significant differences in the relative expression of LvToll, transglutaminase, and prophenoloxidase genes when MI was offered daily as compared to the control group. The MI did not regulate the expression of the superoxide dismutase gene. The WSSV infection percentage decreased when feed with MI was offered every 3 d.  Conclusion: The MI decrease WSSV infection percentage in L. vannamei infected with low viral load when it is offered every three days. The MI up-regulates LvToll, Tgase, and proPO genes when it is offered daily. Further research is needed regarding prophylactic treatment with microbial immunostimulants against WSSV in commercial shrimp farms.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: El virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca (WSSV) ocasiona alta mortalidad en acuacultura. El empleo de inmunoestimulantes incrementa la resistencia de los animales.  Objetivo: Evaluar el porcentaje de infección de WSSV y el efecto inmunoestimulante de bacterias ácido lácticas y levadura (MI= inmunoestimulantes microbianos) en Litopenaeus vannamei infectado con WSSV.  Métodos: Se realizó un bioensayo durante 33 días con tratamientos por triplicado. Se agregó MI al alimento (8,5 mg/kg de alimento), suministrandolo al camarón (9,9 ± 3,1 g) diariamente, cada 2, o cada 3 días. Los camarones se infectaron con WSSV a los 9 y 19 días. Se estudió la expresión de cuatro genes relacionados con el sistema inmune utilizando qRT-PCR.  Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas en el crecimiento y la sobrevivencia entre los tratamientos. Al final del bioensayo, el porcentaje de infección de WSSV (baja carga viral) disminuyó un 8,3 y un 25% en los tratamientos III y IV en comparación con el grupo control. Los tratamientos con MI mostraron diferencias significativas en la expresión relativa de los genes LvToll, transglutaminasa, y profenoloxidasa cuando se suministró MI diariamente en comparación con el grupo control. Los MI no regularon la expresión del gen de la superóxido dismutasa. El porcentaje de infección de WSSV disminuyó cuando el alimento con MI se aplicó cada 3 d.  Conclusiones: Los MI disminuyen el porcentaje de infección de WSSV en L. vannamei infectado con baja carga viral cuando se aplican cada tres días. Además, los MI causan una sobre-expresión de los genes LvToll, Tgase y proPO cuando se administran diariamente. Se necesita más investigación sobre los inmunoestimulantes microbianos como tratamiento profiláctico contra WSSV en granjas comerciales de camarón.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Antecedentes: O vírus da mancha branca (WSSV) causa alta mortalidade na aqüicultura e o uso de imunoestimulantes aumenta a resistência em animais.  Objetivo: Este trabalho avaliou a prevalência do WSSV e o efeito imunoestimulante de bactérias ácido lácticas e levadura (MI= inmunoestimulantes microbianos) em Litopenaeus vannamei infectado con WSSV.  Métodos: Se realizou um bioensayo durante 33 dias com tratamientos por triplicado. Se agregou MI al alimento (8,5 mg/kg feed) e se o fornecimento de camarão (9,9 ± 3,1 g) diariamente, cada 2 e cada 3 d. Los camarones foram infectados com WSSV a los 9 y 19 d. Se estudió a expressão de quatro genes relacionados com o sistema imune, use qRT-PCR.  Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas no crescimento e na supervisão entre os tratamientos. Al final del bioensayo, a prevalência do WSSV diminuiu um 8.3 e não 25% nos tratamentos III e IV em comparação com o grupo de controle. Os tratamentos com MI mostraram diferenças significativas na expressão relativa dos genes. LvToll, transglutaminasa e prophenoloxidase quando se administraron em diários de MI em comparação com o controle de grupo. Los MI não regularam a expressão do genótipo da superóxido dismutasa. A prevalência do WSSV diminuiu quando o alimento com MI se aplicó cada 3 d.  Conclusões: Los IM diminuir a prevalência de WSSV em L. vannamei infectado com baixa carga viral quando aplicável a cada três dias. Além disso, os IM causaram uma sobre-expressão dos genes LvToll, Tgase e proPO quando se administran diariamente. Há mais informações sobre imunoestimulantes microbianos como tratamento profiláctico contra WSSV en granjas comerciales de camarón.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Candida parapsilosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gene expression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immune system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Litopenaeus vannamei]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pediococcus parvulus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[shrimp]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[white shrimp]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Camarón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[camarón blanco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Candida parapsilosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[expresión de genes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Litopenaeus vannamei]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pediococcus parvulus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema inmune]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Camarão]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[camarão branco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Candida parapsilosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[expressão de genes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Litopenaeus vannamei]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pediococcus parvulus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sistema inmune]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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