<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0690</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Colom Cienc Pecua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0690</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-06902021000300177</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.rccp.v34n3a01</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) seropositivity in cattle herds from Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad al virus de la leucemia bovina (BLV) en explotaciones de producción bovina en Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Seroprevalência e fatores de risco associados à soropositividade do vírus da leucemia bovina (BLV) em rebanhos bovinos do Equador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis R]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía T]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fierro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natacha C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luz M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Bueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbonero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Córdoba Departamento de Salud Animal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>177</fpage>
<lpage>188</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-06902021000300177&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-06902021000300177&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-06902021000300177&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). This disease mainly affects cattle, causing severe economic losses to producers.  Objective: To establish individual and herd seroprevalence and determine the risk factors associated with BLV seropositivity for dairy and dual-purpose cattle herds in Ecuador.  Methods: A total of 2,668 serum samples from 386 herds were collected. A questionnaire, including variables related to cattle health, management and the environment was completed by each herd. A commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to determine seropositivity. A generalized estimating equation model (GEE) was developed to determine the factors associated with BLV seropositivity.  Results: Individual seroprevalence of BLV infection in Ecuador was 17.3% (CI95% = 15.86-18.74%). Herd prevalence was 37.8% (CI95% = 33.0-42.6%), and intra-herd prevalence ranged between 12.5 and 100% (median: 37.5%). The risk factors associated with BLV seropositivity were artificial insemination (OR: 2,215; CI95% =1.402-3.501), concrete floors (OR: 2.178; CI95% = 1.217-3.889), presence of wild ruminants (OR: 2.998; CI95% = 1.788-5.027), and sampling season (wet; OR: 1.996; CI95% = 1.140-3.497).  Conclusions: Results indicate that BLV is widespread in cattle herds in Ecuador. In addition, the study suggests that a control program to fight BLV infection should focus on controlling the risk factors identified.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: El virus de la leucosis bovina (BLV) es el principal agente etiológico causante de la leucosis enzoótica bovina (EBL). Esta enfermedad afecta a los bovinos causando grandes pérdidas económicas a los productores.  Objetivo: Establecer la seroprevalencia y dispersión del BLV, así como los factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad en explotaciones lecheras y de doble propósito en Ecuador.  Métodos: Se recolectó un total de 2.668 muestras de suero de 386 explotaciones. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluyó variables relacionadas con la salud del hato, medidas de manejo, y características ambientales de cada explotación. Para los análisis serológicos se utilizó un test inmunológico ligado a enzimas (ELISA). Para definir los factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad a BLV se desarrolló un modelo utilizando ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas (GEE).  Resultados: La seroprevalencia de BLV en Ecuador fue de 17,3% (IC95% = 15,86-18,74%). La dispersión fue de 37,8% (IC95%= 33,0-42,6%), y la prevalencia intra-hato alcanzó rangos entre 12,5-100% (media: 37,5%). Los factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad a BLV fueron: inseminación artificial (OR: 2,215; IC95% = 1,402-3,501), piso de concreto (OR: 2,178; IC95% = 1,217-3,889), presencia de rumiantes salvajes (OR: 2,998; IC95% = 1,788-5,027), y temporada de muestreo (húmeda; OR: 1,996; IC95% = 1,140-3,497).  Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que el BLV se encuentra disperso en las explotaciones de Ecuador. Adicionalmente, se sugiere la implementación de un programa de control para la lucha contra el BLV, debiéndose considerar medidas que se enfoquen al control de los factores de riesgo identificados en esta investigación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Antecedentes: O vírus da leucemia bovina (BLV) é o principal agente causador da leucose enzoótica bovina (EBL). Esta doença afeta o gado causando graves prejuízos econômicos aos produtores.  Objetivo: Estabelecer a soroprevalência e dispersão do BLV, assim como os fatores de risco associados à soropositividade nas produções leiteiras e de duplo propósito no Equador.  Métodos: Um total de 2.668 amostras de soro de 386 explorações foram coletadas. Foi aplicado um questionário que incluía variáveis relacionadas à saúde do rebanho, medidas de manejo e ambiente para cada exploração. Para a análise sorológica foi utilizado um teste imunológico sobre enzimas (ELISA) para determinação da soropositividade. Para definir os fatores de risco associados à soropositividade a BLV, foi utilizado um modelo de equações estimativas generalizadas (GEE).  Resultados: A soroprevalência de BLVno Equador é de 17,3% (IC95% = 15,86-18,74%). La dispersão de 37,8% (IC95% = 33,0-42,6%), e a prevalência intra-rebanho alcançou entre 12,5-100% (media: 37,5%). Os fatores de risco associados à soropositividade a BLV foram inseminação artificial (OR: 2,215; IC95% = 1,402-3,501), chão de concreto (OR: 2,178; IC95% = 1,217-3,889), presença de ruminantes selvagens (OR: 2,998; IC95% = 1,788-5,027) e época da amostragem (úmida; OR: 1,996; IC95% = 1,140-3,497).  Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que o BLV se encontra disseminado nas explorações no Equador. Adicionalmente, o estudo pode contribuir para a implementação de um programa de controle para a luta contra o BLV, devendo-se considerar ações de controle dos fatores de risco identificados nesta investigação.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[BLV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bovine leukemia virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cattle]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cows]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[EBL]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enzootic bovine leukosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epidemiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ruminant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seroprevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[seropositivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[BLV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bovinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[EBL]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epidemiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[factores de riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ganado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[leucosis enzoótica bovina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prevalencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rumiante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seroprevalencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seropositividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[virus de la leucemia bovina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[BLV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[bovino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[EBL]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[epidemiologia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Equador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fatores de risco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[leucose enzoótica bovina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[prevalência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ruminante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[seroprevalência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[soropositividade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[vírus da leucemia bovina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[vírus]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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